The Presidential Election Of 1972 Essay -- essays research papers

The death chairial Election of 1972     The Presidential election of 1972 had two strong candidates, PresidentRichard Nixon and George McGovern. in that location were many issues which had a greatdeal of importance to the election. The Vietnam war and the stability of theeconomy at the time were two main factors. The election ended in one thelargest political scandals in U.S. history, being the Watergate break-in, andcover-up, by President Richard Nixon.     The Democratic party had a large selection of candidates from which tochoose for the primary elections of 1972. There were many well known candidateswho entered the race for the nomination. The leading contenders were Edmund S.Muskie of Maine, Senator George McGovern of South Dakota and Hubert H. Humphreyof Minnesota. Other candidates who didnt receive quite as much recognitionwere Alabama governor George C. Wallace, Mayor surface-to-air missile Yorty of Los Angeles, Rep.Wilbur D. Mills of Arkansas, Sen. Vance Hartke of Indiana, former Senator EugeneJ. McCarthy of Minnesota, Mayor John Lindsay of New York City and Rep. ShirleyChisholm of New York. Chisholm was the first black to run in a series ofpresidential primaries." (Congressional Quarterly, " operate to U.S. Elections",Third ed., 1994, pg.603-605.) 5     Governor Wallace had a devastating moment in his campaign while inMaryland. "In early May a queasy young man named Arthur Bremer altered thepolitics of 1972. As Governor Wallace campaigned toward certain victory in theMaryland primary, Bremer stepped forward out of a shopping-center crowd and piquancehim four times. Wallace survived, but at the cost of being paralyzed from thewaist down. Marylands voters surged out on election day to give Wallace a hugevictory, his destination of 1972. While Wallace recuperated, the millions who wouldhave voted for him as a Democratic or independent candidate began to move inoverwhelming proportions behind the candidacy began to move in overwhelmingproportions behind the candidacy of Richard Nixon." (Benton, William. "U.S.Election of 1972." Encyclopedia Britannica Book of the Year. pg.12-13, 1973ed.)1     When the California primary was approaching, Humphrey tried to save thenomination for himself. "Humphrey excoriated his old senate frien... ...ergate scandal. These two reporters open up theWatergate scandal, and all the participants involved. "During the investigation,a presidential aide revealed that Nixon had secretly taped Oval Officeconversations with aides. When the Watergate special prosecutor Archibald coxswainordered Nixon to surrender the tapes, Nixon ordered Cox fired. Then the SupremeCourt ruled that Nixon had to surrender even more tapes, which indicated that hehad played an active role in covering up the Watergate scandal. Nixon resignedthe judicature when his impeachment and conviction appeared certain. &nbs p    Theimpeachment articles charged him with obstruction of justice, abuse ofpresidential powers and contempt of Congress. President Nixon resigned onAugust 9, 1974. The Watergate affair was perhaps the greatest political scandalin U.S. history. For the first time, a president was forced to leave officebefore his term expired."6     Vice President Gerald Ford became the President of the United States.President Ford then granted Richard Nixon a full pardon of the crimes committedagainst the presidency, and the people of the United States.

Free Speech, Censorship, and Self Determination Issues in Protests against the Chinese Government :: China Government Research Politics Papers

Free Speech, Censorship, and Self Determination Issues in Protests against the Chinese GovernmentIntroductionAs a Chinese American, I have long admired the African American culture that spawned the civil rights movement. Here was a people buffeted by a history of discrimination that insist its equal rights as men and women. Whether advocating nonviolence and integration or separation and violence if necessary, these men and women used and asserted their freedom of speech on the streets, in writings, and on the airwaves.Today we see china growing rapidly in economic power yet shake by protests by workers displaced by the closings of state possess enterprises and migrant workers treated as second class citizens. We see organizations, from the Chinese Democratic Foundation to the Falun Gong, advocating and maintain human rights. The Chinese government has been relentless in nip(ing) those factors that undermine social stability in the bud, no matter where they come from.(7) Many h uman rights organizations and dissentient organizations have turned to the Internet to protest these government actions and to communicate, inform, and advocate their message to both the Chinese people and to the rest of the world.As a believer in protests and freedom of speech and someone who wants Chinese culture to grow, I should be a staunch supporter of these organizations and their actions. Yet, I am torn.Whats Happening In ChinaChina is undergoing rapid and violent change. China has the fastest growing economy in the world, growing at 9.1% clip in 2003. SFGate recently reported on Shanghai novelist Mian Mian whose tale exposing an underground of rock, drugs, and promiscuity is reminiscent of America in the 60s. The number of Chinese Internet users is estimated at close to 80 million. A naked generation of artists have appeargond on the scene, wryly commenting on Chinas rapid change. China, nominally communist, seems freer than ever before and its future looks bright.Yet, y ou also hear reports of corruption, of large and growing underclass, and renew repression. It seems that partly fueling Chinas engine of growth is a near inexhaustible supply of cheap and desperate labor spawned by the closing of state owned enterprises (S.O.E.s) and an impoverished rural population. These hardships have spawned a migrant labor population, estimated to swell to 100 million this year, that has flooded urban centers looking for work. These workers are denied education, medical care, pensions, are locked out of most jobs, and are vulnerable to labor abuses.

Macroeconomics :: essays papers

Macroeconomics IS-LM BasicsA) The IS curve gears downward and to the right.B) The LM curve slopes upward and to the right.C) The slope of the LM curve depends on the interest sensitivity of money demand. An flexible money demand function ca usaged the LM curve to be relatively flat. An inelastic money demand function caused the LM curve to be steep.D) The slope of the IS curve depends on the slope of the investment function. If investment is highly interest elastic, then the IS curve is relatively flat. If investment is not highly interest elastic, then the IS curve is very steep.E) The quantity of money and shifts in money demand at given levels of income and interest rates will shift the position of the LM curve.F) Government expenditures, tax increases, and autonomous investment expenditures shift the position of the IS curve. execution Demand money is a medium of exchange and individuals hold money for use in transactions. Money bridges the gap between the receipt of income and eventual expenditures. Precautionary Demand Keynes believed that, in addition to the money people held for planned transactions, much money was held for unexpected expenditures that were at times necessary. Money would be held for emergencies, to pay unexpected medical bills or repair bills of various types. Speculative Demand Money held by those speculating on future changes in the interest rate and the relationship the interest rate had with the level of bond prices. Keynes Money Demand FunctionMd = Co + (C1 x Y) + (C2 x R) , C1 * 0 , C2 * 0 A rise in income increases money demand, a rise in the interest rate leads to a fill in money demand.Md = Money DemandY = IncomeR = Interest RateC = Parameter (Holds no economic value) Transaction Demand - Dependent positively on the level of income. Precautionary Demand - Keynes believed that the amount of money held for this purpose depends positively on income. The interest rate great powe r be a factor if people tended to economize on the amount of money held for the precautionary motive as interest rates rose.

The Rage of Hamlet in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay example -- essays res

In William Shakespeares play The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, though the protagonist Hamlet pretends to be mad as he seeks revenge for the implementation of his father, he is suffering from depression and a barely contained rage towards the people closest to him as revealed in his treatment of Gertrude and Ophelia, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, and Polonius and Claudius. The barely concealed rage he feels towards his mother, lover, friends and uncle leads to their death and his own. This bitterness towards everyone makes his conversations with other characters seem to be very cold, especially towards his mother, Gertrude, and Ophelia.Hamlets behavior towards Ophelia and Gertrude shows his contempt and distrust of women. Though Hamlet loves his mother, O heart, lose not thy nature (1363), he is wounded and flabbergasted by her hasty marriage. He says, Frailty, thy name is woman, meaning that he views women as virtuously weak creatures (1316). His inference of innate wom anly weakness is exemplified in Ophelia. When she follows her fathers instructions to not give words...

Modern Man Has Become Enslaved by Time :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Modern Man Has Become Enslaved by TimeIn no characteristic is existing society in the western hemisphere so sharply distinguished from the earlier societies, whether of Europe or the East, than in its conception of time. To the ancient Chinese or Greek, to the Arab herdsman or Mexican galley slave of today, time is represented by the cyclic kneades of nature, the alternation of day and night, the passage from season to season. The nomads and farmers measured and still measure their day from sunrise to sunset, and their year in call of seedtime and harvest, of the falling leaf and the ice thawing on the lakes and rivers. The farmer worked according to the elements, the craftsman for as long as he felt it necessary to sinless his product. Time was seen as a process of natural change, and men were not concerned in its exact measurement. For this reason civilizations highly developed in otherwise respects had the most primitive means of measuring time the hour glass with its trickling sand or dripping water, the sun dial, useless on a dull day, and the candle or lamp whose unburnt remnant of oil or wax indicated the hours. All these devices were approximate and inexact, and were often rendered unreliable by the weather or the person-to-person laziness of the tender. Nowhere in the ancient or mediaeval world were more(prenominal) than a tiny minority of men concerned with time in the terms of mathematical exactitude. Modern, western man, however, lives in a world that runs according to the mechanical and mathematical symbols of clock time. The clock dictates his movements and inhibits his actions. The clock turns time from a process of nature into a commodity that can be measured and bought and sold like soap or sultanas. And because, without some means of exact time keeping, industrial capitalism could never have developed and could not continue to exploit the workers, the clock represents an element of mechanical tyranny in the lives of modern men more potent than any individual exploiter or than any other machine. It is therefore valuable to trace the historical process by which the clock influenced the tender development of modern European civilization. It is a frequent circumstance of history that a culture or civilization develops the device that will later be used for its destruction.

Modern Man Has Become Enslaved by Time :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Modern Man Has Become Enslaved by TimeIn no characteristic is existing society in the West so sharply distinguished from the earlier societies, whether of Europe or the East, than in its conception of beat. To the ancient Chinese or Greek, to the Arab herdsman or Mexican peon of today, cartridge clip is represented by the cyclic processes of nature, the alternation of day and night, the passage from season to season. The nomads and farmers measured and still measure their day from sunrise to sunset, and their year in terms of seedtime and harvest, of the falling leaf and the ice thawing on the lakes and rivers. The farmer worked according to the ele ments, the craftsman for as long as he felt it needed to perfect his product. Time was seen as a process of natural change, and men were not concerned in its exact measurement. For this reason civilizations highly developed in other respects had the most primitive means of measuring time the hour glass with its trickling sa nd or dripping water, the sun dial, useless on a dull day, and the candle or lamp whose unburnt remnant of oil or wax indicated the hours. All these devices were approximate and inexact, and were often rendered unreliable by the weather or the personal laziness of the tender. Nowhere in the ancient or mediaeval world were more than a tiny minority of men concerned with time in the terms of mathematical exactitude. Modern, western man, however, lives in a world that runs according to the mechanical and mathematical symbols of measure time. The clock dictates his movements and inhibits his actions. The clock turns time from a process of nature into a commodity that can be measured and bought and sold like soap or sultanas. And because, without some means of exact time keeping, industrial capitalism could never have developed and could not continue to exploit the workers, the clock represents an element of mechanical tyranny in the lives of modern men more potent than any individual exploiter or than any other machine. It is therefore valuable to trace the historical process by which the clock influenced the social development of modern European civilization. It is a frequent circumstance of history that a culture or civilization develops the device that will posterior be used for its destruction.

Physical Therapy Essay

The commerce of corporeal therapy intrigues me mainly because carnal therapy has had a positive tinct on my life and I unavoidableness to be able to have a positive impact on others. Over the years I have had my fair share of injuries and have been rose-cheeked enough to have a somatogenic healer work on me. The fact that my sensual therapist was able to minimize my pain and expedite my retrieval made me extremely appreciative of the profession. Physical therapy is an essential part of athletics, which is a large part of my life, and greatly benefits the sports world. Without physical therapists injuries would be much more harmful and would therefore decrease the attractiveness of competing in a sport. In addition, I would love to work in a professional field pertaining to sports because they have had such a large impact on my life and have shaped who I am today.Physical therapy has many benefits outside of sports as well, including general physical activity. I lead a very active lifestyle and cant imagine life without physical activity due to an injury, disease or illness. By providing rehabilitative care for individuals of all activity levels physical therapists allow them the freedom to be physically active. I see that in order to last life to the fullest, your body needs to be able to take you wherever you want to go. I cant think of a better profession than having a beneficial impact on others lives and helping them enjoy their lives. In addition to these personal reasons there are outside factors that also make the physical therapy profession appealing. Once you begin working, your job security increases greatly because injuries, illnesses and diseases will always be prevalent in society.This is very comforting to have the intermission of mind that you wont be replaced and it allows you to enjoy your job more. Also, most physical therapists work regular hours, which allows you to enjoy your time off work and not be worried about getting call ed in. Finally, I know multiple mountain that are either physical therapists, clinic owners, or even still students that couldnt be happier with the decision they made to work in the field of physical therapy.The benefits of physical therapy on physical activity are immense and essential to peoples wellness. Overall, physical therapy impacts the general health of people in countless ways. Without physical therapy andrehabilitative care, injuries, illnesses and diseases could be catastrophic to a persons physical activity level. Physical therapists provide care that allows individuals to perform necessary daily tasks and carry out actions that improve their quality of life. In addition to general health and daily activity, physical therapy greatly benefits athletics.If athletes didnt receive care after an injury, their healing time would increase dramatically. By providing specialized care, physical therapists help athletes consequence to play. This, in turn, keeps the sports indus try running tight-lacedly as the top athletes are able to perform and provide entertainment. Lastly, physical therapy benefits physical activity teaching proper form for activity, which helps prevent future injuries. By providing people with the knowledge necessary to live a physically active life, physical therapists greatly benefit physical activity.In order to be able to contribute to the career of physical therapy, I need to first fully understand what the profession entails. By conference as much knowledge as possible about physical therapy, I will have the tools needed to be a great therapist and contribute to the career. To positively impact physical therapy, I would first need to practice professionally, which reflects positively on physical therapy as a whole. I believe it would be extremely beneficial to athletes to learn proper technique for physical activities. One contribution I would do my crush to make happen would be providing a camp for sports teams that educate young athletes on form and injury prevention. I wish someone had taught me how to prevent injuries because I spent very bittie time being 100% healthy.Also, by specializing in a certain area of physical therapy I would have the knowledge necessary to create invigorated treatments and exercises to maximize the benefit of therapy. Finally, I would also love to own a clinic, which would have a immense impact on my patients and physical therapy as a profession. The first person I interviewed was a woman. She is a physical therapist at a clinic in Truckee, CA where Im from. She received her Bachelors grade from UC Santa Barbara and her Masters degree from Chapman. I chose to interview her because she helped out with the local high school teams, almost like a trainer, but also because I was remarkable to see what its like to work in a clinic. Over the years Ive had my share of injuries so Ive gotten to knowher pretty well. She glum me on to physical therapy related professions becaus e she has helped me rehab my more serious injuries and she has done a lot of athletic training type work for me during soccer. I interviewed her because I cute her opinion on physical therapy versus athletic training since she does both.My second interview was with a man who is a recent graduate of the kinesiology program Saint bloody shames. He received his Masters degree in Kinesiology, but still wasnt exactly sure what profession he wanted to be in. He said that Kinesiology is a very versatile major and that you can do a lot of different careers with it. He recommended that I continue on the path of Kinesiology because he hasnt even figured out what he wants to do yet, but he still has options to choose from. His final advice to me was to do everything to the best of my potential and the rest will come to you. In conclusion, physical therapy is a career I could definitely see myself pursuing because of the countless benefits that come with the career. As a physical therapist I w ould strive to provide the best care for each of my patients in hopes that I would have a positive impact on their lives. Physical therapy is an essential health care profession and I am very interested in becoming a part of it.ReferencesKinesiology Interview. Scott Eberhardt. own(prenominal) interview. 27 Mar. 2014. Physical Therapy Interview. Joanna McMullen. Personal interview. 27 Mar. 2014.

Marketisation of Education Essay

Marketisation is the policy of introducing market forces of supply and demand into education. When the Conservatives came in to power the felt up Labour failed to create meritocracy and restructured the system. The 1988 Education clear Act began the creation of an education market by encouraging competiotion between schools and choice of parents. Before the Education Reform Act, the system was ground on The Tripartite System where different types of students would attend one of three different types of schools Grammar, Technical or Secondary Modern based on the result of their 11+ result. Eventually, it was clear to see that the triparite system didnt focus on equality, as the poorer working-class students would automatically fail the 11+ (restricting them from going to a Grammar school which was intended for the bright and academic) and therefore their chances of success in the future was minimal.Hence, the Education Reform Act was introduced in 1988 under the Tory government int roducing a get down of measurement which Ball termed it as the Marketisation of education. This involved a number of changes, such as the origin of league tables, forcing schools to publish their interrogation results. The introduction of SATs into year 2, year 6 and year 9 at school so formal progress at all schools could be made and monitored and the introduction of the National Curriculum so schools had to teach the same things at the same time. OFSTED was also created so that schools, teachers and pupils were monitored and meeting national standards.Formula funding is an trial runple of a policy where its aimed at creating an education market rather than to tackle inequality. This is where a school receives the same amount of money for each pupil. This can affect a working-class childs education because if other schools have a higher funding because they are more popular and have better exam results that child is unlikely to get a place at that school and then end up at a le ss-popular school which has lower exam results because of its lack of funding due to its lack of pupils.

Taser-gun heist trio sent for trial

A 22-year-old white woman and two young Hispanic males are being sent for trial in okeh County on charges of stunning a 50-year-old man with an electronic taser gun and then robbing him. During the attack they also beat their victim, kicked him and stabbed him.At a 13 April preliminary hearing, District administration assess Gregory J Ryan was told that Crystal Grace Harris had taken their victim back to her motel room after she and their victim had spent the evening together at a local anaesthetic casino.The middle-aged man, identified only as Mr Brown during the hearing, express he had come out of the bathroom to discover Harris putting down her phone.Two minutes later there was a knock on the door and these two guys came in, Mr Brown told the Court. That made me nervous because I thought I had been set up.The two men, named as Ricky Lee Meza (22) and Robert E Hill (21), are alleged to have then attacked Mr Brown, beating him up, kicking him and stabbing him before disabling him with a taser-gun shot.A taser gun, the Court was told, is a hand-held electronic weapon that fires barbs linked by wires to batteries. On touching their target the barbs deliver an electric shock of 50,000 volts-and-more, causing instant short paralysis.After taking their victims wallet, money and the keys of his truck, Harris and her two accomplices had been able to get away from the motel before reception had been alerted that a robbery had taken conduct and called the law of nature.With the incident having occurred in the early evening, there had been witnesses around who were able to say the three had driven off in an old grey-coloured Chevrolet fancy. The witnesses were also able to recite police the direction the vehicle had taken.As a result of a chance encounter on the road, Harris and the two men were picked up and stopped by County police within 10 minutes of their getaway. A police car heading for the motel in response to the robbery call saw a grey Caprice with three occupants going in the opposite direction that matched the description of the getaway car, turned and stopped it after a short and uneventful chase.Identifying Hill as the driver of the car he had stopped, with Harris and Meza as the other people in the car with him, County Police Officer Chris Spillman told the Court that after he had arrested them he had gear up them to be in possession of Mr Browns wallet with his driving license, credit cards and other identifying documents, together with the $1,095 that Mr Brown had reported stolen, and Mr Browns truck keys.After Mr Brown had also positively identified Harris, Hill and Meza as the group who had attacked and robbed him, Judge Ryan said he was satisfied he had heard copious evidence to let off sending all three of them for trial on a count of robbery with a dangerous weapon and a snatch count of stealing Mr Browns wallet, money and car keys.It is understood that at the full jury trial they will also be supercharged wit h assault-and-battery arising out of having shot Mr Brown with the taser gun.Bail for Crystal Harris was set at $27,000, with $5,000 for Hill and $3,000 for Meza.The case has been listed for jury trial on 2 May.Commentary from Our Court Correspondent Oklahomas State Constitution provides for a preliminary Court hearing before a Judge to establish whether enough sound, prima facie evidence exists to justify a case being referred for full jury trial. Only at a full jury trial will the alleged offenders be prepare guilty or not guilty of the charges against them.This is an historic constitutional safeguard to test whether a State prosecution is warranted as legitimate and whether there is a good factual basis for it.Very importantly, one purpose of the preliminary-hearing process is to make sure no one sits in jail waiting to be tried without a reason that has been properly tested before a Judge in Court.Basically, the preliminary hearing seeks to determine two things one, is to dete rmine that an indictable shame has actually been committed and, two, is to establish that there is sound evidence that the defendant or defendants did it.In this case, Mr Brown is alleging that Crystal Harris, Ricky Lee Meza and Robert Hill attacked him, beat him, kicked him, stabbed him, shot a taser weapon at him, took his money and other possessions and fled.As District Court Judge Gregory J Ryan commented to students after the preliminary hearing Im not reservation the final determination. Im just there to make sure that the allegations that the State is arguing have some merit in them which, in my opinion, they belike have.Mr Brown is able to identify all three individuals. Then they (the State) put a police officer on the stand who testified that after the victim had done for(p) into the lobby and said he had been robbed, the police put out an immediate description of the grey-coloured Chevy Caprice with two Hispanic males and one white distaff and the direction they had taken.Then there was the second police officer who testified he had heard that report and he had just started to head in the direction of the motel when he saw the car go by, chased it and stopped it.And he gear up those three people in the car and after he had arrested them he found the victims wallet, victims drivers license and credit cards and another ID in it. And the $1,095 in the wallet that Mr Brown had said was in the wallet, as well as his car key.As Judge Ryan said Im not making the final determination. Im just there to make sure that the allegations that the State is arguing have some merit in them which, in my opinion, they probably have.

With Reference To A Conflict Over The Use Of A Local

Paragraph 1 Introduction to Heathers, include Cost E. Billion How it operates . 2 main parallel runways-landing occur at same time 2. 1 cross-wind runway 3. Most blow south/south west to west, so castes take off into the wind to provide life 4. Plane passes every 90 seconds How it has tried to adapt to locals needs (no fighting through night ) Night time fighting not generally allowed (after pm or before am) compare to Trumps development. For example has it been adapted for peoples needs.Dont visually benefit locals, but brings in tourists and income to area. Paragraph 2 The planning process of the Terminals and why it was necessary Trading with Mounties overseas How the airport wont be able to cope with more traffic without another pole Compare to Trumps development (was it really that necessary for the complex to be built in that particular area) nearly wasnt allowed there because the it is an area of outstanding beauty, but Scottish government made it okay for Trump to develop his ideas.Paragraph 3 The main arguments for and against terminal 5 FOR rapid growth in air travel, reputation, airport capacity, competition with Europe, its important as a global hub, local economic value, tourism and the eider significance. AGAINST industry is heavy subsided, economy is overstated, HACK and FOE. MAIN BODY OF ESSAY -Paragraph 4 Economic reactions within groups and weather their satisfied Against Aviations contribution to the economy is overstated. It is plainly the 26th biggest industry in Britain, half the size of the IT industry and a tenth the size of banking and finance.The aviation industry is heavily subsided. Airlines pay no bath on aviation fuel, a tax concession worth E billion a year in the sass and estimated to be worth El 6 billion by 2020. Airlines pay nothing towards the noise and pollution they cause as there is no environmental levy. For Competition with Europe The rank of Heathers as Rupees number one airport is being challenged by other Eur opean airports, such as Paris Charles De Gaulle (COG), Amsterdam Siphon and Frankfurt, all of which plan to expand capacity.Without expanding its own capacity, Heathers would fight to keep its place. Its importance as a global hub Several business routes from Heathers, such as to Achaean and Bangles (India) and Los Angels ND Seattle (USA), rely on connecting traffic for 50% of their customers. They bring value to the airport and the LIKE economy by making routes financially feasible that would not be found on local demand alone.The wider significance Although the enquiry noted that Weathers contribution to the Auks gross domestic product (GAP) is probably underestimated (as there are no information to measure its influence in the Auks and Loons economy), the economic importance of Heathers is linked to its capacity. Restricting Heathers to 60 million passengers each year could affect the attraction of London and the Oxford external investors. TO would contribute substantially t o the LIKE economy, and to the success of London as a financial centre and its ability to attract further investment.

Tragedies of Love Ingreek Mythology

Everyone esteems a good tragedy. The ones that make you cry and give the person next to you a big hug. varlet and Rose in Titanic ninety percent of the people I know cry every time they watch Titanic. Rhett Butler and Scarlett OHara in Gone With The Wind, even Borat and Pamela Anderson in the movie Borat But this paper isnt about tragedies in recent times its about love stories gone(p) wrongin Greek mythology. I have researched the stories I think were the saddest and most touching Apollo and Hyacinthus Apollo, the Greek god of knowledge and the arts had many a(prenominal) affairs with both men and women, most of which didnt end so well.He had an affair with Hyacinthus who was a prince of Sparta. Hyacinthus admired and loved Apollo so much so that he followed him everywhere. mavin afternoon, the lovers decided to practice discus throwing. Youd think it was a harmless enough game for two people in love to play. Apollo threw the discus and in such excitement to get it, the discuss hit Hyacinthus square on the head instantly killing him. Apollo later learned that it was Zephyrus (god of the West wind) who was also profoundly in love with him, that manipulated the winds resulting in the change in direction of the discuss and ultimately the killing of Hyacinthus.It is said that the grieving Apollo crouched his beloved Hyacinthus into the flower we altogether know as the Hyacinth. This is a good example of people who lose loved ones and keep mementos of them, keeping them in their memories. Apollo and Clytie This is another story of Apollos many love affairs. I guess he just liked to sow his seeds wildly. Apollo and Clytie were dispiritedly in love. Obliviously happy. Then Apollo did what he knew how to do best, he go forth Clytie for another woman princess Leucothea. Feeling robbed, Clytie ousted Leucothea to her father who judged that his daughter be buried alive.Clytie thought she would finally have her Apollo back but alas this made him turn away from he r for good. Sad as she was, she sat on a rock for days without food, fronting for her beloved and staring at the sky. Clytie suffered and turned brown and yellow, finally turning into a heliotrope flower (it always turns its head towards the sky). This is an example of going to extreme lengths for love and yes, it often does not end well. Eos and Tithonus After creation cursed by Aphrodite to be eternally in love, goddess of the sun, Eos, fell in love with a Trojan Tithonus.Being so enchanted and taken with him, she kidnapped him and took him to Zeus to submit him for immortality for Tithonus. Zeus did give him the immortality that Eos asked for but in her haste she didnt ask for eternal youth and health for Tithonus. So yes they were together forever but Tithonus grew onetime(a) and older with each passing day. He eventually lost use of his body but he whimpered every so often. In need of preserving her love for him, she turned him into a cicada. To forever sing a mournful to ne to her. Orpheus and EurydiceOrpheus, son of Muse Calliope was married to Eurydice. Once, he sailed with the Argonauts meanwhile, back at home, Aristaeus seek to seduce Eurydice away from Orpheus. But faithful she was. She fled him and unfortunately, she trod on a serpent which bit her and killed her. When Orpheus returned and found his wife dead, he played a song so mournful and sad that the gods and nymphs told him to go to Hades and retrieve her. He went to Hades and asked for his Eurydice back. Hades agreed and told him that she would follow him back to earth on the one spring that he not look back.As they approached the gates of the underworld, Orpheus couldnt resist. Is she really following me? he thought I cant tell. He couldnt wait to see her face. He turned around and with that he watched her fade away, slip, away from him forever. This story is indicative of what love can do to people. It makes you break the rules because it hurts so naughty to abide by those rules. Narcissus and reduplicate The nymph, Echo, was cursed by Hera to be unable to start conversation and to repeat last words uttered by others.She was hopelessly in love with Narcissus, son of a river god who was incredibly handsome as well as incredibly vain. One day Narcissus went hunting and Echo saw him and followed him. Narcissus thought he heard someone behind him and asked Whos there? and poor Echo, unable to say anything apart from that, replied Whos there? In a last ditch effort to get Narcissus attention, she showed herself to him but he turned her away and went on with his hunting. Heartbroken Echo went into a cave, sat and lamentably faded away into nothingnessa voice.Narcissus grew thirsty from his hunting and decided to take a drink in the river. He saw his reflection in the water and fell in love with it, never knowing that it was HIS reflection. For fear of destroying the reflection he didnt drink the water and wasted away of thirst, turning into the narcissus flow er. I think this is the worst story because they both died of unrequited love which to me seems like the worst kind of scenario. Echo never being loved by Narcissus and Narcissus never being loved by his reflection. They both died unsatisfied.

Pets Should Be Treated Like Family

Yannick Sanchez Pets should be treated like family members I agree with the statement that pats should be treated like family members because they live with us, in our sign and we have to take care of them. For example a dog is in more than one way similar to a little child who place not do anything by himself. We have to provide them food, home and if needed medical support. It is trus that a dog would never be as much classical as a child would but we can not neglect them either. Another example to show how important can a front-runner be is the relation he coult have with the children.I personally had a dog when I was a child and he was always by my side, taking care of me. He was a friend and a part of my family. That is why I think they could be important for the children and behave like a protector. They also have a sort a sixth sense that can feel when a person is worried and provide you support just like a homosexual being would. An additional fact that make me think the pets are just like family members is the dogs for blind people. These dogs are one of the most important thing he their life because they are the key for their social life.Once again these pets are as much important as the family who can not be 24/7 to help them. We can also take the example of an old couple who is retired. They now live alone and a plenty of time to spend. Having a pet can occupy them and can also protect them. In that way they are like a new member of the family who need to be taken care of. In conclusion I think that pets and particularly dogs should be treated just like a family member for all that they give us and support they could be for certain people.

Conflict Resolutions, Cultrual Differences Essay

The Ameri digest federal agency of dealing with contravene, gibe to the word, is argue. This business leader not be the best modality, and its definitely not the only way. The article serves the object of exploring the cultural differences in how separates deal with affair. It delivers alternatives and different ideas in how to resolve conflicts, as oppose to reason.Arguing is a system of dealing with conflict. In the argument culture nearly perpetuallyything is framed as a encounter or game in which winning or losing is the main concern. The pillars of argument rest on this win-lose idea. lean is expressed through polarized, two sided, debates and battles. The prove elicits a winner and a resolved conflict.This system is normally usanced in the Western culture in general, and in the United States in particular. It is too utilize by individuals of Eastern European background, Jewish tradition, and in some Indian cultures.Joanna Repczynski, for example, had an ex perience in her visit to France. Her host kept initiating a heated intellectual debate all over dinner. When Joanna agreed, another(prenominal) argument would be on its way. Another example is Andrea Talarico. When her Italian-Ameri bum family argues, their voices would raise and objects would be thrown in an intense discussion. Another example is the Japanese woman who is married to a Frenchman. The Frenchman started arguments with his wife. Finally when she argued back, he was overjoyed rather than getting upset.The advantages of arguments atomic number 18 various. In the case of Joanna and her host, the host felt as if arguing would keep things interesting. Agreement was just to boring. Andrea sees advantages to her Italian-Ameri wad familys style We always know how individually other feels at all times. This is a pointalize of her familys closeness. The Frenchman was overjoyed that his wife argued back because it was a sign of showing interest and showing respect for each o thers intelligence. To him disagreement was a sign of a good relationship. There ar prejudices of arguments. It can be upsetting and it can turn violent. The Japanese women found it so upsetting and Andreas family threw objects. For people who arent used to the argument culture,arguing can come off to be a surprise, confusion, or alarm and be very offensive. The disadvantaged result of an argument or debate is that on that point is always a loser.Another method of resolving conflict is ritual vituperation. This method works by the means of screaming insults and song lashing. It was created by traditional societies the rules are culturally agreed upon, which gives this method a ritual context. It is used by Women in Gapun, Papua New greaseball and in traditional Nigerian villages.Women in Gapun Papua New Guinea, when angered by husbands, relatives, or fellow villagers, can erupt in a kros, sh step uping insults and obscenities loudly enough to be heard all around. The roarer wait s near or in her home and waits for her offender to go far enough away. The villagers, then, watch up close as the women shouts. In Nigeria, a very similar method is used, song lashing. It consists of familiar proverbs or original verses that implies insults. Like kros, onlookers also watch. Its different in the way that the target is referred to indirectly.An advantage of this way of managing conflict is that it provides outlets so aggression can be expressed. Its their way of relieving anger. The advantages stem from its ritualized, structured rules. The onlookers role is to prevent all physical violence. The onlookers provide the speaker with the satisfaction of listening. The speaker provides the onlookers with entertainment. Effective song-lashers are admired for their verbal skill. The target is relived of any direct abuse.There are two study disadvantages to this method. The conflict doesnt get resolved and the children in the surrounding area are subjected to this inapprop riate verbal aggression.An alternative to the idea of winning or losing is victors without vanquished. This method of dealing with conflict is to honor the winners as well as the losers. There is much wildness on harmony rather than winner view as away all. This method is used in the Asian culture and has a historicalsignificance in Japan.An example of this method is the 1868 Asian revolution. The two sides of the conflict were the supporters of the Western organisation model and the old, Chinese model. The people who had fought for the old regimen were not punished but invited to join the untried government (and most did). The Western supporters won, but the supporters of the traditional, Chinese model maintained their respect and dignity they were allowed to hold on in existence. The main advantage of this method is that the loser gets recognition, retaining a large measure of respect. According to Ben-Ami Shillony, an anthropologist, this method helped Japan avoid disastro us internecine ethnic and religious strife. The advantage of this method is that it resolves conflicts without disastrous escalation.The disadvantage of this method is that social extort to maintain harmony can actually cause conflict. The actions of people on conflicting sides are altered by the interference of harmony. For example, a person in disagreement with another might want to gestate action, but the emphasis on harmony might yield that action, which can cause frustration or even anger. Another disadvantage is that in a society that emphasis harmonic competition, competition leans to become more fiercer than in a society where competition is normal.Another way of dealing with conflict is by the use of intermediaries, third parties. This method rests on the idea that community pressure takes the place of direct conflict. This reflects an emphasis on harmony and interdependence. The conflicting sides are dependent on a mediator, or peacemakers to resolve a conflict. This me thod can be formally ritualized, or informal. This method is used in Asian societies and in many Pacific cultures.An informal example of this method is the use of matchmakers or marriage brokers. Another example is when neighbors pressure a son or a daughter-in-law to forego neglecting a parent or parent-in-law. There are no ritualized rules in these examples, only third parties that take the placeof direct coming upon. The use third parties can be ritualized or formal. For example, the use of standard structures or rules and hierarchical relations to maintain harmony. In the Solomon Islands, faamananataanga is the way that conflicts can be resolved. The event is held over a family dinner, speaking is serious and formal, and the most senior person is the peacemaker, all making this ritualized. In Tannan, a southward Pacific island, Conflicts among villagers or between villages are discussed publicly by groups of adult men at finical meetings that last all day. The people present are the go-betweens and the most senior people hold power structure positions within the group.Rather than resolving the conflict, these meetings are a way of taking part in a joint journey that results in consensus flowing from the interaction of all. They accomplish harmony of the minds and general understanding out of group effort. Another example is the Fijian Indians. They set up committees, third parties, which interview the opponents before a formal meeting called pancayat. The Japanese use a similar method called nemawashi. It rests on the idea that there are two victimizes and now it is right. Neither opponent is blamed as being the only wrong and seriously at fault.An advantage of intermediaries is that they offer the needed apology without the principal losing face and can gather in rejections without taking them personally. In the case of the matchmaker, the groom avoids the risk of rejection from the potential bride. The groom is then saving face, property his dignit y and pride. Another advantage of using intermediaries is that the third party offers motivation. The third parties also play a role in maintaining peace and help to avoid potential violence. The idea of pancayat and nemawashi seems a much crack way of gathering information than forcing people to speak in a high-pressure public event. The committees take the pressure off of the opponents.A disadvantage of using intermediaries is that the third party is placed in potentially unhealthy and inappropriate circumstances. The third parties are subjected to others conflicts, anger and possible violence. The third parties have a mishap to get hurt. The cultures that use intermediaries form a dependence on them to handle their disputes. Even some psychologists tend to regard handling your own conflicts is a sign of maturity. The use of third parties can be a sign of interdependence and immaturity.Another idea of resolving conflict is ritualized fighting. The fighting has specific rules and culturally inclinations. This method is the expression of opposition. The opponents do not gage in physical contact, only express it. It is used in Bali, Indonesia and in Tori, Ireland.In Bali, Indonesia ritualized cock fighting is a fundamental way of dealing with conflict. In Tori, Ireland neighborhood street fights are ritualized ways of dealing with conflict. The rules are not in the sense that the players could tell apart them. They are just normal and taken for granted. The fighters come out in public and threaten each other. Everything close the fight was structured so that the two men could seem eager to exchange blows without ever landing one. No one gets hurt because no physical contact is actually exchanged. Finally, the mothers, or a female relative, of the fighters would break it up. She would implore the fighter to come home and stop fighting.An advantage of this method is that no one gets hurt. The fighters could rely on their kin to restrain them, preventing them from hurting each other. The onlookers, especially the kin take the role of stopping any physical contact. Another advantage is that the fighters provide the audience with entertainment and kindling for both participants and onlookers. The fight also provides outlets for the fighters and a way they can show their manhood and get more respect. These ritualized customs reinforce social bonds and alliances. The interactive part and support of the society helps to bond them closer together.A disadvantage to this method is that if the kin of one, or both, fighters are not present during the fight, physical contact might occur and someone can get hurt. Another disadvantage is that some of the onlookers may be children. The children are then subjected to cursing and threatening. They might look up to the manly fighters and want to mimic them. A major disadvantage of this method is that the conflict does not get resolved.Comparing the argument culture to ritualized methods of dealing with conflict, it seems that arguing overemphasizes winning, loosing and war and sports metaphors. Too much concentration on polarized views and not enoughon harmony that discourages confrontation. The cultural, ritualized rules provide that culture with boundaries, values, and controlled ways to manage conflict. We cannot simply adopt the rituals of another culture, but thinking about them can give us pause and perhaps even ideas for devising our new ways to mange conflict. The article provides insight on many ideas how to manage conflict. These new ideas can influence an individual, perhaps myself, to manage conflict more constructively.

The Disputations Preacher

K outrightn by the name, Girolamo Savonarola, he was born in 1452 Italy, however, different sources channel varied accounts of his native town, some pronounce it is Ferrara while separates say it is in Occhiobello, which is 7 km from Ferrara. A man whose life was controversial, dramatic as well as tragic. Savonarola left a mark as a man who cared nonhing for dictatorial protocol and official pretense. At Ferrara University, he took his undergraduate studies in Arts. He initi altogethery portrayed his relish on mor whollyy corruption among the clergy, at the age of twenty, when he took them head on in his poem tit direct De Ruina Mundi (on the fall of the world). hich bespoke the destruction of the world. Hot on its heels came some other poem in 1475 named, De Ruina Ecclesiae (on the eat upfall of the church). It is here that he portrayed his contempt of the Roman curia by defining it as a false whore. Savonarola went on to join the Domini keep congregation in the course of st udy 1475, where he entered the San Domenico convent at Bologna. This coincided with the Italian Renaissance . Savonarola immersed himself in his studies with zeal, this saw him transfer to the Convent of Santa Maria Degli Angeli in 1479.In 1482 he was deployed by the oder to what came later to be kip downn as, the city of his destiny- Florence. People bemoaned his ungainly character and woeful oratory skills. The impression he made of himself on the multitude of Florence was so dismal that, they never sight his leveltual(prenominal) departure in1487. This took him back to Bologna, where he went on to become the master of studies. Savonarola went on to preach on prophesies he had, such(prenominal) as the occupation of Florence by the French. He went on to become more, outspoken and took a hard stance that some meters ended making him some kind of a misfit among the people.He believed in the classification of issues and actions in only two categories the unafraid and the bad. Sa vonarola, was later to fall into bad books with the orders of the catholic church. This led to he excommunication by the pope ,who was later to authorize his arrest. All this was later followed his arrest, torture, prosecution and eventual execution,on grounds of heresy sedition and for proclaiming prophetic statements. His execution took place in 1498 where he was burnt at the stake a yearnside his two ardent disciples.It is important to n angiotensin-converting enzyme that Savonarola remained defiant onto death. This is evidence to by the item that even though he wrote a confession, he followed it with a meditation, where he pleaded with idol to forgive him for pleading to sins he did non commit. Different schools of thought view Savonarola differently, however all agree that Savonarola is one spectacular disputation theme for all and sundry. Savonarolas thinking later on came to be known as not only a behavior of thought but likewise a guiding light for twain conservati sm thinkers and reformists. cholars urinate look at the Savonarola coun shiting of thought, as a linchpin for serous substructure discourse as well as a reason for serous research and study into the account of disputation theory. Either way it is looked at, the Savonarola way of thought can serve any of the above purposes depending on the interest of the one examining it. (Polizzotto, 1995) describes how followers of Savonarola had influence that permeated every facet of Florentine life. This was during the important happenings that saw the passage of the city on from re unexclusive to principate.In his words, their ideology and activities offer the key to demystifying both the political happenings of the last mentioned years of the Florentine Republic, as well as the nature of contemporary political debate. It also gives an cortical potential into the characteristics of the merging Medicean Principate. joust This was a preaching method super Cly utilized by the Dominicans. It employed a system of thesis, antithesis and synthesis. It was manly distinguishable from methods by its clashing of ideas. This was the academic background from which Savonarola emanated. (Hazel,n. d. p. -17) puts it like his Dominican contemporaries, the young person Savonarola was trained in the disputation method, and it has a marked influence on his style of preaching. In examining the attractryal influences that surrounded Savonarola in his formative old age, we can form a good idea of the facets of a good renaissance discourse. For Savonarola the summon was the most effective tool of bringing about moral reform. His tendency to swan on the summon for moral reform can be attributed to the fact that he was a Dominican. Dominicans have gone down in history as strong believes in empty words and disputationSavonarola though came to believe in his oratory skill almost by pure accident He initially experimented with palaver, to very successful results much to his own conster nation. (Hazel, n. d, p. 4-17) one incident confirmed his power to him. While locomotion the seas on a boat, he noticed a bunch of soldiers gambling using dice and cards. He so furiously denounced this activity with such bitterness that they stooped the gambling, much to his own surprise. This vitriolic look would be the benchmark of his future preaching. Savonarola derived most of his cajolery effectiveness from the fact that he was perceived as a prophet by many.He was more of what could today be regarded as a condemn sayer. His irritationate way of preaching eventually realise him very ardent supporters, who later came to play a very pivotal fictitious character in determining the success of his campaigns. Savonarola followers were compelled to develop a way by which to survive the turbulent times and be able to carry on their campaign of stressful to fight what they believed to be moral decadence. SAVONAROLA AS AN EXAMPLE OF RESISTANCE TO ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE IN contempo raneous ORGANIZATIONS. Savonarola came into the cinema in the immediate post renaissance period. his was a time marked by rock-bottom enforcement of the doctrines. It was a period of widespread evilness and more so, among the p piecetariat. The church orders were also not spared the widespread liberalism in the church at the time. The church was going through a period when it had relaxed its weather on the practice session of disguises, jewelery and other such adornments. He got a huge following of a assemblage that he called the weepers. This group went through the city, raiding houses for paintings, jewelry, mirrors, combs and all that they considered unbecoming of good followers of the religion.The passion with which he defended his views was infectious and convince enough to earn hims the attention of the masses. He further utilized his rhetoric to have people win over that whatever he was speaking was bound to happen. since the first instance when he convinced the soldi ers of the illegitimacy and the im righteousness of the act they were salty in, he got convinced of the ability to sway peoples thoughts. The benchmark of the rhetoric of Savonarola is the ability to engage parallelism, between the acts people are engaged in, and prophecies or documentation, or practices of hither.During his mission to return the people into the pass judgment practices, or the practices he viewed as acceptable, he had to use rhetoric effectively. Rhetoric served as such a powerful and effective too since as it is stated that it went a long way into attracting meaningful attention. Savonarola viewed the pope as a big failure in allowing the insurgence of renaissance. This was the foundation of his thinking that the pope, was a major(ip) hurdle in his efforts to marshal people, back to the accepted and traditionally practiced doctrines. Kreis, 2000) Savonarola viewed himself as an instrument of God, and and did not believe in anything deterring him not even Lorenzo the Magnificent, could stand in his way. He envisioned the reconstruction Florence as a respublica Christiana, a Christian republic, a republic in where allegiance was to the true sovereign God and God alone. This resentment to the establishment was particularly assured by the fact that, Pope Alexander IV had two illegitimate children, which were an obvious testimony of his wayward behavior.All the sane this was not the only ratting idea behind Savonarolas vehemence. The shipment of the Pope to renaissance gave him a curious mix of both the earthbound and the religious. To the conservatism this was a clear and sure show of moral rot and if condoned was bound to bring eschaton to all and sundry. The biggest challenge that was facing the conservative was in trying to turn people around to their way of thinking, and to fuel sufficient phobia of doom in the people. This activity was also faced by another challenged in that, the church and the ruling powers of the society were so muc h intertwined.There forth for the conservatives to effectively combat the pertly adapted and overwhelmingly accepted way of life, they had to wage a battle and sustain in long enough to sway a good following. Both the religious (Pope) and the social (Medici) authorities therefore cut in the bad books of the conservatives. The question of the most effective method of achieving this was then the only answer he had to seek out. Here rhetoric through preaching became the way out and as (Hazel,n. d p. 4-17) puts it Savonarola was impertinent to both the Medici and the Pope.He utilize his rhetoric though preaching to stir up resentment to both the Medici and the Pope. The two were a very then powerful ruling coalition. The question that is likely to arise is how was this accomplishable?. Savonarola painted such a grim picture of the impeding damnation and the inferno of hell. He used his rhetoric so effectively that he painted a picture, grim enough to sway even the staunchest of sou ls. nonetheless for the Medici he was to be viewed with suspicion as a man preaching the return to the morality of the medieval times that they were trying to move people from.This unprecedented opposition of the ruling coalition earned him many supporters In contemporary organizations these days, rhetoric can be a very effective in resisting permute. However there are some very basic requirements that must be met in remain true to the Savonarola example. First and most important, the originators and the propagators of the rhetoric must be fully convinced of the philosophies that inform their rhetoric. This is attested top by the Savonarola example, in that, in as much as there was very sozzled opposition to his stance in issues of morality and the tenets of religious beliefs, he stood his ground.This is despite the fact, that he was fighting what could be correctly termed as, a David versus Goliath battle against the powerful ruling coalition, comprising of the Medici and the P ope. The perpetrators of modern day rhetoric who propensity to attain any meaningful success in fighting changes in institutional structures also ought to stand their ground. They also ought to be fully aware of the exact parameters within which their arguments and their expectations lie. This is shown in Savonarolas depiction of authority as put in the words of ( Hazel,n. Savonarola draws parallelism between the sinners of those days and the merchants who Jesus whipped while they were trading in the temple. In as much as the traders had permission from the Jewish leadinghip, Jesus on his side was heeding a higher decree from the father. Savonarola therefore advises his followers to act like Jesus and defy the regulations from the rulers since they do not augur well with the biblical teachings. The conviction with which you defend you arguments is perhaps defined by the manner in which Savonarola defended his.Savonarola is known to have defended his stand all the way to grave, thi s is evident in the way he wrote down meditations to the effect that, he prayed to God for forgiveness. He sought forgiveness for confessing to sins he felt he wasnt censurable of. The disputations of Savonarola are very vital in highlighting the effectiveness of rhetoric which is backed by conviction. The passion that is a key requirement especially in such contradictory situations plays a key role in the swaying of the peoples way of thinking.Many are the times, when very passionate public, speakers who are actually trying to sell ideas, that could otherwise have been viewed as vague, have been accepted instead of their more informed yet less(prenominal) passionate counterparts. A good example of passionate public rhetorician is one catholic non-Christian priest by the name of Charles Coughlin of the 1930. He spoke co passionately about the occurrences of the time on public radio that he gained a very wide public audience. This is not withstanding the fact that he was lecture ab out the normal happenings.It is however important to note that he used to approach these arguments with passion and controversy. The rhetoric however is always effective if ,and only if it is directed. This was a real high item of Savonarola. He directed the gall of his rhetoric towards the failing of the ruling elite and the church leadershiphip. The modern times rhetorics especially those opposed to institutional changes commonly make informed attacks of specific institutions, people, or activities in trying to give ground to their rhetoric.This has been demonstrated in most cases in instances when the perpetrators of rhetoric have painted grim pictures of doom in the peoples minds, if the organizations do not remain the way they are. However this directed criticism has to be informed by facts that cannot be tardily disputed. This was the case in the instance when the followers of Savonarola kfresh for a fact that the deeds they were fighting against were realities that could n ot be contested. The other key reason for any rhetoric to be effective is its being backed by action.In any enemy to organizational changes. Actions can always play a key role in swaying people into thinking your way. This is actually a very vital display of conviction and commitment to the cause. In as much as power of rhetoric delivery is likely to earn one good following, resistance to institutional change is actually a major challenge. Savonarola backed his rhetoric with fore actions and these were both bold and rampant. The adherents of his rhetoric alongside him, attacked all that they thought represented the rot in the church.They also attacked and burned all that was associated with the laxity that came with the renaissance, This was the hallmark and the culmination of his disputation rhetoric. Groups of youths that were drawing inspiration from him roamed the city in vigilante groups, they collected all that was associated with the demeaning change and burnt them at what later came to be called the conjure of vanity. This eventually convinced the people that the disputationist had a case, they therefore swayed their stand and started following him in larger numbers.However it is of importance to note that, any action taken in the efforts to resist the advent of change should be taken with a lot of moderation. This is due to the fact that the extreme tends to shock people into resting the efforts directed at resisting the change. This can be justified by the case of what eventually happened to Savonarola. The activities of people being held at save by marauding youths led to resentment amongst the people. This was also due to the fact that the people felt that they were denied the pleasures of the ever-changing times.The other failure was due to lack of moderation in public displays of allegiance to the French. Savonarola sided with the French in their occupation of the city of Florence, this landed him inn bad books with the populace. It is theref ore of essence that in passion in resisting organizational change ought to be metered and moderated. In modern times leaders who try to resist change using rhetoric should be guided by the principle of moderation and public acceptability of pronouncements and deeds. This can enhance a steady yet acceptable and successful resistance.The people following Savonarola also ask to have regulations, this was however a major failing of the Friar which eventually was instrumental in occasioning his downfall. THE DISPUTATION PREACHER AS A CATALYST FOR ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE. Savonarola has widely been depicted as big resistance and a conservatist. He was known for resisting the changes that the proletariat were introducing into the thinking of the people and the church. Much as all this is true, he can as well be observed as a person who played a pivotal role in awakening peoples thinking and perception of hierarchy and stipulations.Savonarola came into the picture during a time when the Pope and the Medici had such a cordial and strong relationship. It was during the time when a decree from the pope was toughened as law. Great lessons on effective change can be learnt from the preacher. First he openly opposed the moral rot in the religious orders at that time. The eventual reformation that took place in the orders of the church, that eventually led to the protestant movement, were not a mere accident. We can not also, exclusively say that they, emanated from the Ninety five theses that were authored Martin Luther.They started all the way with the public denunciation of the proletariat by Savonarola. It ought not to flail our attention that such deeds as these call for guts and conviction. Therefore Savonarola was key in beginning the reformists thinking that saw major changes in the church. Similarly the contemporary leaders of the day could borrow a leaf from the stance of Savonarola and stand their ground in the face of such daunting tasks. This can point people in the right direction if the strong and vitriolic rhetoric is to be used effectively. If such tactics are used then much can possibly be accomplished. his will all be a catalytic role since just like Savonarola accomplices will be essential for the wider culture to be achieved. The use of rhetoric to instigate social change also ought to be well informed and guided by the need for general good of the involved society. It is in this respect that Savonarola was able to obtain a good following. In the first instance, he painted a very grim picture of the realities facing the people. Painted a very dull picture of what awaited the people in in future. With this clearly understood, he prodded people into following him into a revolution that was to same people from the inevitable unending damnation.People followed his advice since they felt that by so doing they could evade the oncoming apocalypse. It is in this light that, the contemporary leaders in the current day organizations, ou ght to inform people of the doom awaiting them in the future if the present is not well dispensed with. They need to match the rhetoric so stated with words leads the people to revitalise and energize their need to do good. The driving force behind this need to do good is the inherent fact that the good is like a boomerang. The thinking and speech of Savonarola was clearly against the grain and the activities of the time.He brought to the fore the failings of a papacy which very many revered till then. True to form, the contemporary leaders of these days are supposed to give room for fresh, radical and new ways of thought. This can be a vital way of energizing peoples thoughts. not all that is radical or new is bad. this was clearly shown in Savonarolas time. In as much as Savonarola fell into bad books and was eventually hanged, he was right in several claims. For example he argued that the Vatican had turned into a den of prostitution, this was right due to the fact that the pope was outright promiscuous.Therefore people ought to be allowed free reign of thought and encouraged into offering new ideas. Rhetoric is good tool of encouraging and enhancing involvement of the masses into peoples activity. This is shown in how effectively Savonarola was able to cajole the people of Florence into feeling a s part of his vision. (Hazel, n. d) he reverts to his analogy of Christ driving specie changers out of the temple with ropes. He sees his tongue as the major ropes and then asks people to be the other smaller ropes with which to drive out the church officials. In this way he manges to fit the people into the picture. hey now feel like they are part of the battle against the moral rot. They therefore are given the feeling that they have a role to play in driving the agenda forward. The contemporary organization leaders these days ought to adopt the same attitude, if their rhetoric is going to be effective. There is need to orient people into feeling that they bel ong to the wider picture. The ability to integrate the people in the people into the picture helps in creating a progressive force . The ability to have people working in tandem for a common goal as well helps in increasing the peoples resolve to do things together and do them well.The protests that Savonarola mount were three pronged, they addressed the three major issues of the society. He addressed the love for splendor and money, hence the economy. He addressed the prophetic revelations he had, hence religion. Finally he addressed the failure of the Medici hence he addressed the political administration. Therefore for any modern rhetoric to be effective, if Savonarola is to be used as a benchmark, the modern leaders ought to address and effectively so, the above three major issues.The effective discourse of these three makes a wholesome and effective approach in any Rhetoric. CONCLUSION Modern users of rhetoric ought to put in mind and effectively integrate the Savonarola appro ach. this is a sure way of ensuring efficiency. little has been give tongue to about the good that was raised by the rhetoric of Savonarola, however a lot can be learnt from his approach. His approach was very much in line with the accepted and very much utilized approaches to rhetoric. In modern times the approach to the rhetoric always uses the same reasoning as the guiding light. potent address of the issues at hand ought to be a key consideration in the delivery of rhetoric. keenness and passion are also key in the delivery. The interplay between such delivery and well intend out actions increases the effectiveness. Disputation also serves as a good way of engaging the thinking of all and sundry. Disputation though tends to be more of and elitist approach which can be a major impedimenta to the engagement of masses in a discourse. However it is more effective since it is more mind engaging and provokes more insightful thinking.Many a times different people have used rhetoric effectively. This has always produced wide mass following and public acclaim. The key lies in following Savonarolas example, and like he did, appealing to the emotions. Rhetoric and disputation world over have been very effective in instigating radical changes to any systems that are publicly accepted and acclaimed. For one to effectively utilize the same, it is essential to familiarize with the users of yesteryears and know how effectively they did so. To say that Savonarola was simply effectively with his rhetoric would be an understatement.

Contribution of women in the agriculture according to the sub-sectors Essay

Crop Production In Bangladesh, a common social perception exists according to which women in the farm ho practice sessionholds do not perform field and market work and Men do not undertake most of the productive activities carried out in the proximity of the homestead. But in reality among abject business firms, such clearly demarcated gender divisions of labor do not apply. The traditionalistic gender relations with womens involvement in post-harvest work and mens in fieldwork waste not remained static everyplace time.Presently, due to extreme poverty and a food crisis, social norms and traditions are changing and women are appearing in the field as well. About 60-70% of women from landless and near-landless households work as inelegant wage laborers, whereas women from bigger farms do not participate in field activities. In the Grameen Krishi Foundation working areas in northwest Bangladesh, women equally share all tasks in rice production, even the presumably male task of irrigation. Forestry Women use the forest products for food, fuel as well as for handicrafts.Women in rural Bangladesh are responsible for obtaining the household fuel supply. They collect firewood from the forests. A traditional role of Bangladeshi women is collecting dung for fuel from the forests where cattle graze. Cow dung is the enceintest source (6. 6 million ton or 26% in 1992-93) of traditional fuels in the unorganized sector. Women also have a major role in homestead forestry. gunstock In Bangladesh, women are in general responsible for livestock and poultry rearing. Poultry rearing is a traditional activity performed by women for income generation.Feeding livestock, cleaning sheds, securing them properly for the night, and health care are the activities performed by women. Men are obscure in the heavy work with the animals such as taking them out of the compound. Owing to their crucial role in livestock care, women are generally consulted while buying and selling th e livestock. Women take care of the farmyard manure collection thus reducing recycling, which has important consequences for soil fertility. Fisheries Women in Bangladesh have diversified roles in fisheries, with substantial participation in small-scale fisheries.In Barisal and Rajashahi districts, women catch fish. They, to a large extent, carry out the drying, curing, and marketing of fish as hawkers, stall keepers in permanent market places and hebdomadary bazaars. The majority of the employees in shrimp processing plants in Chittagong and Khulna are women. Women are also predominantly involved in net-making, the main income generating occupation in many families, and freshwater fish farming (FAO, 1980). Women have traditionally participated primarily as family labor in preparing fish nets and, in some areas, in fish processing.In some NGO and government programs, women from landless households cultivate fish individually or jointly in leased ponds, either within or near the home stead. Contribution of horticulture in National Export-Earnings Agriculture of Bangladesh has not occupied an important place in the external trade yet. Contribution of agriculture to the exportation earnings even now is not so significant, still the potential of agro-based/ agro processed products is becoming transparent now and there are valid reasons as to why this sub-sector should get due attention of the constitution makers, trade bodies as well as producers/ exporters.Bangladesh as most of the LDC and net food importing exploitation countries has conflicting interests on many issues of agricultural negotiations, particularly on food security and market approach path perspective. Agriculture contributes about 9% of the world trade, but the world trade in agriculture was neer run under a free trade regime. Budget Year Export-Earnings from Agriculture Rate of Export-Earnings 1991-92 268 13. 44 1992-93 314 13. 17 1993-94 347 13. 69 1994-95 452 13. 01 1995-96 476 12. 25 1996 -97 526 11. 88 1997-98 502 9. 70.1998-99 422 7. 92 1999-00 440 8. 15 2000-01 484 7. 48 2001-02 390 6. 51 2002-03 462 7. 59 2003-04 553 7. 84 2004-05 310 5. 35 Fig Contribution of Agriculture in Export Earning Contribution of agriculture in reference point market Agro finances a very much important part of the agriculture. And a huge tot up of agri financing comes from the bank loans which is both Government and Non Government bank loan. Besides many NGOs are also giving agricultural loan. So that it can be said that agriculture has a sum of shares in the credit market.It has been concluded in different studies that the agricultural credit advanced by the financial institutions (banks) is not easily available to the farmers. On the other hand, Grameen Bank and quite a number of NGOs are giving credit to the farmers, although much of that credit is being used for non-agricultural purposes. However, the major proportion of agricultural credit still comes from the financial instituti ons. But the amount of credit that is available from this institutional source fulfills whole an insignificant portion of the total credit requirement.

Gilgamesh and Antigone

I examined the case of Gods in two texts- Gilgamish and Antigone and I felt that each text defines the exercise of Gods in its own unique way. For Antigone, the role of Gods is indirect this is shown in Antigones actions and beliefs as her character is obviously clear minded and always alert not only that honoring the divine was the right stand to take in any situation, and also how exactly to pay respect to them I know Im pleasing those I should please most (line 88).After realizing the fact that the body of her brother (Polyneices) would not be given last rites, she went to her baby asking her for help in honoring the divine. When her sister declined her desire and warfarened her of the risks of such actions, Antigone was steady in her last believing that disrespecting the Gods was the real risk, saying The time in which I must please those that are stone-dead/ is much longer than I must please those of this world (76-7). he Chorus speech later on Creon has more or less det ermined the fate of antigone With wisdom had someone declared a war cry of distinction that evil seems good to one whose mind the god leads to ruin, and plainly for the briefest moment of time is his brio outside of calamity. (619-24) Those hints by the chorus by dint ofout the play lead us to another approach to sagacity the role of gods in the it the Gods were in control of everything, resulting the pointts to unfold, and maybe to teach a moral lesson to the city and even to the audience as well.Events that support this interpretation include the arrival of Antigone at the place of her brother by and by the guards removed the dust on her brothers body, for example in these lines Suddenly a wail lifted out of the earth a storm of dust, a trouble in the sky. (417-9) We closed our eyes, tolerate this plague sent by the gods. When at long last we were quit of it, why, then we saw the girl. (422-4) The heroical of Gligmesh, however, introduces numerous Gods. The role of Gods in Gilgamish is more complicated and has its direct and indirect actions throughout the story.The indirect role of Gods in my opinion is shown when they instead of disciplining Gilgamesh for his unfair treatment of the young men and women of Uruk, they created a counterpart to take away him from his bold and unbearable behavior. The direct role of Gods in Gilgamesh is revealed during the debate about putting Enkidu into death and Enlil, the highest God, ends the rebuke that one of the two (Enkidu and Gilgamesh) must die for slaughtering Humbaba and the Bull of Heaven. That was a direct role for Gods in the heroic of Gilgamesh I believe.Enlil has the power over the entire cosmos and the affairs of man. He is sometimes friendly towards mankind, but can also be cruel and send punishments to people. He was angry and humans had reasons to fear objecting him he had in the past tries to destroy the human race. Another God introduced is Ishtar she was all at once the goddess of warmth, war and fertility. Her role was direct as she wanted to use the bull of heaven and wanted it to loose so she can watch him stab Gilgamesh to death because he rejected her . The Goddess Ishar saw him and fell in love with the beauty of Gilgamesh Be my lover, be my husband, she spoke and said, plant your seed in the body of Ishtar Gilgamesh answered ad said I have nothing to give to her who lacks nothing at all. You are the door through which the cold gets in You are the house that falls down the ill-made wall that buckles when time has gone by. (p. 29-30). The epic of Gilgamesh certainly has various roles of Gods in it, and their impact was more direct than Antigone.

Comparative Commentary on Global Warming Essay

Taking effection to reduce greenhouse gas emissions ( textual matter A), an internationalistic newspaper advertisement from Exxon Mobil and An Agenda for Climate Action ( schoolbook B), a speech by Eileen Claussen, the death chair of pew Center on Global Climate Change were both written in 2006 with the accent on global warm up. The author in both commentaries strives to bring out the pith that as pitying macrocosms, we must show action to stop the worsening of climate change. text A is a produce article by a company that emphasizes that every iodin in the demesne should be able to take realm in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and that illustrates the range of actions, in particular technological advances the company has interpreted to address the problem. As for textbook B, it is a speech delivered to university students that identifies the ultimate drive of the problems of climatic change the world is facing now. Even though the message of the twain texts is the s ame, the way they convey it differs, in ground of the building and content, language usage, purpose, and narrative perspective.The structure and content of the twain texts ar very similar even though there be some obvious differences. First, the introduction of the ii texts is very similar in terms of the message their text strives to bring out. textual matter A starts with Wed like to use this space to conduct our thoughts on actions to address the risk of climate change while Text B is slightly varied as it opens with a courteous introduction first but what follows is this, I am here at contribute to speech closely what climate change solutions might entail. This intelligibly shows that even though the two introductions i.e. the words used and the focus area are not the exact same, but without doubts, they are think for the same purpose, to persuade people to take action.As for the sentencing and divide style, both are written in sm integral paragraphs with long sentences, each having a specific point to make. In Text A, the 4th paragraph is or so the need to develop new approaches that are suitable for consumers and to improve the present economic speckle and current living standard. The 7th paragraph is about the company ameliorate energy efficiency and having minify a lot of emission. In Text B, the 3rd paragraph states the major cause for climate change, which is environment every last(predicate)y unfriendly actions done by humans. In the 5th paragraph, it talks about how the rate of mountain glaciers thawing is increasing rapidly. These examples show that each paragraph from the two texts has a specific point to make and is clearly structured.Differences can also be found due to the contrasting nature of the texts, Text A being an international newspaper advertisement that promotes their company, Exxon Mobil while Text B is a speech by Eileen Clausen in the Yale University with the aim to raise awareness of global warming to ring the bell that everyone must come unneurotic and take a comprehensive approach. First, they use different ways to inform their audiences. Text A is presented with descriptions and actual statistics of the actions the company assume been taking so as to promote their company while Text B is a speech that strives to deliver the message to the audience that climate change is a sincere problem, so uses much examples and easy-to-understand facts and information such as how the natural phenomenon that are occurring now is just the jazz of an berg.Second, the way they start differ. For instance, Text B starts with a sentence in the very spring that Text A does not, which is Thank you very much. It is grate to be here at Yale University. This is because Text B is a speech so it must show some kind of gratitude for being able to springtime out a speech. In contrary, Text A is moreover an advertisement, which does not need to show gratitude that way, however, it has more to do with tone. The tone ofText A is very formal and serious but not demanding because they are trying to promote their company. Although the tone in Text B has a certain level of earnestness, it is more towards the friendly-conversation kind of feeling. It is presented like how close the audience and Eileen Clausen are, this is so that the audience would be more interested and take account of the global issues more.The data of the two texts are not the same. Text A talks about solutions to reduce green house gas emissions, Working with vehicle manufacturers and engine makers on programmers that could improve furnish economy by as much as 30% while significantly reducing emissions and improving energy efficiency at our facilities Steps taken since 1999 resulted in CO2 emissions saving of 11 one million million million tones in 2005 In Text B, it talks about the risks that human activities have brought upon climate change. For instance, what they showed is that the min largest land-based i ce sheet in the world is losing ice twice as fast and we know that hurricanes are becoming more intense, not just in the Atlantic which gave us Katrina and RitaThe information used in each of the texts to convey its message is different.Since Text A is an advertisement for its own company, it would be very unwonted for it not to pressure its audience into buying its products. Exxon Mobile does this by firing all the actions it has taken to swindle the problem of climatic change, creating the impression that using or buying their products is one of the ways to save the planet. However, since Text B is only a speech with no special interest, it only needs to address the seriousness of the situation without pressuring the audience that these, if I may say this, are just the tip of the melting iceberg, implying that what was said is not all that there is to it, there are many another(prenominal) more risks out there. With and without the pressure, it shows how different the texts are and their impacts on the audience.As between the two texts, one focuses on solutions while another one on risks. Text A focuses on the solutions the company has come up with while Text B talks about the risks caused by human activities. In addition to that, Text A focuses on economic science solutions while Text B focuses on geographic problems. For instance, in Text A, phrases such as allow continued economic growth and improvements in living standard. Technological advances will be detailedhighlight the economic aspects and developing technology to improve living stand requires money, so it is indirectly request its customers to use or buy the companys products. In Text B, the risks talked about are all related to the changes geographicly not economic risks, such as loss of mountain glaciers, but in all oceans where hurricanes occur and One study found that 130 species-both plants and animals- have responded to earlier spring warming over the last 30 years.In addition to that, Text A focuses on breakments while Text B on problem. In Text A, the sentence, working with vehicle manufacturers and engine makers on programmes that could improve supply economy by as much as 30% while significantly reducing emissions shows an achievement because by working with other manufacturers and company, Exxon Mobile would be able to benefit the fuel economy as well as reduce emissions. In Text B, the sentence, we also know that we are experiencing a world-wide loss of mountain glaciers, a trend that is accelerating. By mid-century, most mountain glaciers may be gone, reveals a problem. Hence, the focus of each Text is different although they bring out the same message.Although both texts talks about reducing emissions, Text A, Our scientists and engineers are working to reduce emissions today and in Text B, We need to move from an economy based on burning of fossil fuels to one based on energy efficiency. Text A is more prone to the side of benefiting their consumers and Text B is prone to talk about the cause of global warming The impacts of climate change across the globe are occurring in patters that can only explained by human activities and not by natural variations in regional climate.The ultimate message that the two texts have differs, Text A if to promote their company and to persuade customers to do something therefore buy their product. Text B is to persuade people that we must take action to prevent the worsening of climatic change. This is shown by the conclusions which it also includes the use of technical words, even though both texts use 1st person as narrative perspective to express their information, at first in Text A, the use of we was to represent the whole Exxon Mobil Wed like to use this space to share our thoughts on actions but it changed to a we, which meant the society and themselves We all have a role to play.Initially, in Text A, the use of I was to represent the speaker, the president of Pew Center on Global Climate Change I am here today to talk about what climate change solutions might entail but it literally changed to We, again it includes everyone We need to act now to cone up with ways to limit emissions growth without. The switch of the technical words emphasizes the message that wants to be sent across so they make everyone as a whole, make them think they are involved and would have consideration on whether to act or not.The people targeted by each rendering are different. For Text A, since it is a published advertisement of a company, a profit-making company, to be specific, the targeted audience undeniably would be its customers (the public) in the sense that buying their products would amount to saving the planet. In contrast, Text B has a narrower focus on university students It is great to be here at Yale University, people of high intellect and education, so explanation is not needed, therefore the message are more straightforwardly expressed.However, on a more in-depth analysi s of the content of their commentary as discussed above, it may be that Text B is able to urinate a wider audience than Text A. The reason is that the language used in Text B is easier to understand, contains more common, day-to-day language, for example The earth is warming the impacts-once only predictions- are now upon us and are in all likelihood to worsen, whereas almost half of the Text A in fact involves technical language, for example Exxon Mobil is the lead friend and study areas include solar, hydrogen, biofuels and advanced transportation, which can be thought to be targeting at people such as professors, university students, climate change ambassadors, engineers, surveyors, etc.In conclusion, Text A and Text B have many similarities and differences between the content and language usage, for example the ultimate message, talking about risks or solutions, geographical problems or economy problems, technical language and tone etc. There are also many other differences an d similarities that havent been mentioned such as the Text A inform in present continuous, Text B is repetitive and does not patronize, scope (broad or limited, modern or historical) etc. Lastly, the two texts clearly convey the same theme through the description of solutions and risks, to take action for climate change.

Looking for Love in Brideshead Revisited

looking for Love Throughout the novel Brideshead Revisited, by Evelyn Waugh, the theme of searching for love becomes clearly apparent done almost all of the characters actions. The search for love is of the utmost importance, whether the characters realize it or not. This is particularly the case for Charles, Julia, and Cordelia. As the narrator of the novel, the reader gains the most insight into Charles search. He is cautiously optimistic that love will be found, possibly nevertheless in his everyday escapades.I went there uncertainly, for it was foreign ground and there was a tiny, priggish, prototype voice in my ear which in the tones of Collins told me it was seemly to hold back. But I was in search of love in those days, and I went full of curiosity and the faint, unrecognized apprehension that here, at last, I should find that low door in the wall, which others, I knew had found before me, which opened on an enwrap and enchanted garden, which was slightlywhere, not overl ooked by any window, in the heart of that grey city. (p. 26) We first bet Sebastian, whom Charles refers to as, the forerunner for all his future relationships. Later we meet Celia, who is too busy with her friends and promoting Charles art to develop a fully formed romantic relationship with him. Finally, we get to know Julia, who has the potential to be a original soul-mate for Charles but the potential goes unfulfilled due to Charles agnosticism compared to Julias reawakened Catholicism with the advent of her fathers acceptance of the sacraments on his deathbed.Julias search for love is first made apparent to the reader when she ab initio meets Charles at the railway station. She had made a preposterous little picture of the kind of man who would do and she was in search of him when she met me at the railway station. I was not her man. She told me as much, without a word, when she took the cigarette from my lips (p. 170-171). This shows that even at a young age Julia was in s earch of love.Her first experience with love was Rex Mottram, who had the external style of a potential companion for her, but in the end lacked substance. From Rex she moved on to Charles, who seemed to be the perfect match, but their chemistry and compatibility could not overcome Charles lack of faith and Julias Catholic fears of offend and punishment. Finally there is Cordelia who has, throughout her life, struggled to conform to either the secular world or the world of holiness there are people who cant quite fit in either to the world or the unworldly rule. I suppose Im something of the sort myself. (p. 288). During this struggle she is all the while searching for the love and acceptance of her God. As a young child she was very religious often acting with her own brand of piousness Its a new thing that a priest started last term. You send five bob to some nuns in Africa and they christen a baby and name her after you. I have got six coloured Cordelias.Isnt that lovely? (p. 84-85) As an adult Cordelia flirts with entering a convent and eventually ends up serving as a nurse, both vocations that could be seen as serving God. These three are just a small warning of the many characters who contribute to the overarching theme of the search for love in Brideshead Revisited. In the end, the novel leaves the reader delight but still wondering when love will triumph and the main characters will find the upcountry peace they clearly long for.

Introduction to Organisations and Management Essay - 4

Introduction to Organisations and Management - Essay ExampleThe concern also recognizes the carriage of a union body which cares for twain the administrative and operation module. (Anglia Ruskin University, 2011).On the contrary H&M is a consultancy operating on a global framework with a huge presence in oer 120 nations. The concern unlike Watsons locomotive also operates establish on a huge staff base of around 13,000 people. This global consulting company earns the pride of employing people reflecting specialised skills in dissimilar sectors pertaining to different infrastructural categories. H&M operating in an international scale has a large number of customers both belonging to the private and public sector. The company has a very strong and motivated organisational work ending which helps in catering to the changing needs of a diversified customer base. (Anglia Ruskin University, 2011). Organisation/structure The ideal organisation is divided along separate tiers in whic h the total organisational task is properly divided or allocated. These organisational layers are rendered access to the existing level of organisational resources and different levels of responsibilities are duly entrusted to fulfil the allocated tasks based on the given resources. Structural levels within the organisation are represented in the form of pyramids to reflect the tend of authority and responsibility among the stated quarters. Depending on the needs of the organization the organizational structures are uniquely forge like simple, functional, divisional and intercellular substance. Organisation functioning on direct owner-employee relationship with less people is based on the simpler structure. Functional and Divisional structure focuses on creation of departments based on work specialisation. ground substance structure enhances the work specialisation concept by delegating the specialisation units under separate backing heads. (Strategic Management, 2009 Murphy & W illmott, 2010, p.94). In regards to the above discussion the organisational structure of Watsons Engine is found to be more given to a more conservative sphere with less focus on innovation. Organisational structures practiced at Watsons Engine being highly dependent on hierarchal system reflect less amount of flexibility to the changes in the external environment. Furthermore the increased dependence on hierarchical system has also cut back the level of transparency in the organisation. This reduction in transparency in turn has contributed to the reduction of the productivity parameter of the employees. Flow of organisational communication in Watsons Engine generally flow from higher to lower levels of organisational hierarchy and hence also affects the motivation of the employees. Watsons Engines enhanced dependence on obsolete hierarchical systems only contributed in obstructing the productivity growth of the employees. On the other hand, H&M functions depending on the mat rix organisation. The organisation functioning depending on the matrix organisational framework helps in performing complex sets of functions in an merged and highly specialise environment. Working in an integrated framework helps the organisation to make optimum physical exercise of technological and human resources. Further the organisation working