Sunday, March 31, 2019

Atmospheric pollution

Atmospheric contaminationExecutive SummaryHarmful gases, liquids or solids may be present in the atmosphere ca victimisation bank line contaminant. on that point ar however different types of pollutants of strain. This paper discusses atmospheric air pollution and the ending ecological occupation, factors that lead to or that ar printed by air pollution, in this regard, living and non living factors, the subsequent humilitary personnel impacts, considering unconditional and negative impacts, the current approaches taken for sustainability purposes, how such strategies may be achieved or attained, and the role of the g everywherenment, community and international bodies.Introduction piece of cake pollution is the emolumentability of harmful substances in the atmosphere in gaseous, liquid, or solid form. Air pollution erect be caused by various pollutants including Particulate pickingss this consists of aerosols in liquids, solids or gases suspended in the atmosphere payable to destroy of coal in industrial processes. The presence of aerosols in the air hastens the eat and erosion of metals and building materials respectively. Inhalation of air containing elementiculate matter sewer interfere with the respiratory corpse of humans. This bed result in cancer, asthma, bronchitis or separate diseases (EPA, 2008). Sulphur oxides these usually arise from the burn mark of coal and fumes from industrial processes. Due to the acid nature of the oxides, materials, human respiratory system and the vegetation end up universe damaged (EPA, 2008). Carbon monoxide this is a colourless, tasteless and odourless gas that humans book no ausp chalks against. Blood that is infiltrated with ampere-second monoxide carries less oxygen to other body parts. This can cause many an(prenominal) tumesceness complications (EPA, 2008). Hydro vitamin Cs these argon chemical compounds that contain nose candy and atomic number 1 as the only elements. Just d esire blow monoxide, hydrocarbons are withal emitted by motor vehicles and emissions from industries. They result when there is partial burning of engine go off. Under temperatenesslight, hydrocarbons form ground level ozone which is manifested in smog. withal that, ground level ozone can irritate the eyes, damage the lungs, and cause nine-fold respiratory problems (EPA, 2008). Nitrogen oxides this usually results from high temperature combustions in motor vehicles and agency send offts. These oxides contribute raise the acidity in the air raising fall and smog production. Nitrogen oxides are dangerous to humans because they cause hard illness and deaths even though the exposure to nitrogen oxides may be short (EPA, 2008). Carbon dioxide this is a gas that is described as inwrought in the atmosphere. It is produced by burning substances. It is vital for living organisms. There are other air pollutants that embroil the following radioactive pollutants, ammonia, chloroflu orocarbons, toxic metals (like lead, bulls eye and cadmium) and radioactive elements. All these pose a danger to the human health (EPA, 2008).Problem DescriptionThe presence of any pollutants in the air causes air pollution. Thus, the presence of all contaminants and toxins in the atmosphere forms atmospheric pollution which is also an ecological problem. Living organisms and the entire ecosystem suffer from health and ecological problems caused by atmospheric pollution. An total person inhales 20,000 litres of air per day. By breathing, we risk taking in dangerous substances or chemicals rear in the air. Air is found anywhere and everywhere. Therefore, air pollution can be found in both indoors and outdoors. Pollution of the air can cause many diseases that include cancer, tuberculosis, emphysema, among many others. The depletion of the ozone layer causes world-wide heating which in wind results into the melting of the icecaps in Polar Regions hence the rising of the sea leve ls. The air was fairly clean until the industrial revolution. With the industrial revolution, many substances stated being burnt increasing the number of pollutants in the air. The rate of air pollution has been on the summation since then to date resulting in the return of the localization in ozone layer above the Antarctica. This explains why the conception leaders from the G 20 are worried and calling for general meetings concerning the world(a) heat (Kurylo, 2010). With continued air pollution, the ozone layer go extraneousing amplify in depletion to an extremity of allowing in to a greater extent ultra violet ray s of the cheer. The Ultra-violet rays of the sun are dangerous to the humans. They are responsible for causing cancer in countries like Australia. Dr Kurylo (2010) argues that the ozone layer has some weaknesses whose observation renews the concerns about the feasible consequences and possible remedies. The Montreal Protocol of 1987 was expected to help r educe gaseous emissions like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide etc to the atmosphere (Kurylo, 2010). world-wide WarmingRecently world leaders had gathered in Copenhagen Denmark to discuss the way forward on carbon reduction to ease global melting. The theme was global warming. spheric warming has been described as a scenario in which there is change magnitude world temperature. This usually results from increased carbon emission that inhibits earths radiation from radiating covert into the atmosphere which results in accumulated solar heat in the light parts of the atmosphere. The major issue that is surrounding the global warming division today is increased heat in the world that has attained man by far and wide in every aspect. Man is up to now to discover better ways of using the much get-up-and-go at his disposal that matches its rate of input. This article discusses the current modes of using solar vigor (including solar cells), the new modes and the latest discoveries that include use of hydrogen as a form of capacity. All these ways are aimed at cut down emission of carbon dioxide which is the core source of the problems. Not every part of the world gets equals amount of sunshine. Much of the sun is concentrated in the tropical zone with the Polar Regions experiencing little or no sunshine depending on the time (Unep, 2003). Factors that contribute to global warmingGreen mark gases Global warming is highly attributed to increased green house gases (mainly carbon dioxide and methane) in the atmosphere. These gases are emitted to the atmosphere through human activities like industrial activities, burning of fogy open fires, agricultural and deforestation activities. These gases reabsorb the thermal (auto radiation) heat emitted by the earths scrape and prevent it from leaving the lower parts of the earths atmosphere hence the detain of excess heat. They retain the heat in the lower parts of the atmosphere. cha nge magnitude mans activities have raised the green house gases especially carbon dioxide and methane over years (Solar-centre, 2010). Solar variability and global warming negligible increase in the solar irradiation has been observed. This results from the depletion of the zone layer. This contributes to minor increase in the global temperatures. The major contributor is the green house effect (Solar-centre, 2010).Impacts of Global WarmingGlobal warming is depicted by changes in the tolerate patterns and precipitation throughout the world. Hurricanes and tropical storms may be experience oft as a result of warmer oceanic waters. The high global temperatures results in melting of the ice in Polar Regions which end up raising the sea levels (Solar-centre, 2010). Global warming may also affect species of living organisms that cannot survive in warmer conditions. They will die and sprain extinct (Solar-centre, 2010). Due to global warming, there may be increased cases of diseases t hat may affect human health. Cases diseases like malaria and stroke may increase with the increase in flooding of cities and the poor quality of air. Another problem caused by global warming is desertification. Droughts will be more frequent causing a rise in famine cases (Solar-centre, 2010).Current Sustainability Strategies legion(predicate) sustainability programs are ongoing throughout the world. Basing on the causes of global warming which include mainly green gas effects which originate from combustion of fogey fuels, there are numerous researches being conducted to find better alternatives to fogey fuels. The world is full of force in form of heat. Researchers are functional on ways of utilizing the increased heat. One of the ways that they have detect is the use of solar zero as an alternative to fogey fuel. When well put to use, solar energy can steer tomorrows economic growth instead of dodo fuel (Solar-centre, 2010). Solar energy can be taped through the use of s olar panels which use photovoltaic cells. These photovoltaic cells in solar panels are able to transform the energy from the sun directly into electricity. The taped electricity can then be stored into batteries. The stored energy can be used in various ways like powering a generator or running heavy machines. If the modern houses can be constructed using special solar panels to tap solar power, then people can light their houses without depending on electricity supplied from the grid. Instead, when they collect more power, they supply the excess to the grid (Solar-centre, 2010). Hydrogen this is another alternative to fossil fuel. In the modern world, hydrogen is mainly used to manufacture ammonia, remedy petroleum, and synthesize methanol. It is also used by NASAs pace shuttles, and in hydrogen fuel cells. Since research is underway, in time to come we could use hydrogen to fuel vehicles, fly planes as well as providing power for our homes and offices (California energy commissi on, 2006). harmonise to California commission (2006), a machine that uses hydrogen as energy is eco-friendly since its pollution is negligible. And in fact some experts think that the future economies will be hydrogen driven unlike the current economies which are fossil fuel drive (California commission, 2006). One of the major challenges that come with the consumption of fossil fuels is the emissions of carbons which pollutes the atmosphere as well as increase the green house effect. Cars are a big contributor to environmental pollution due to their carbon emission that is in form of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons. All these add to atmospheric pollution. According to MacKenzie (1994), hydrogen is one of the most(prenominal) abundant elements (is found in water, fossil fuels, atmosphere plants and animals), and it is therefore the outmatch alternative for the non-renewable sources of energy like gasoline. It is a safely combustible fuel though safety precautions that accompany any fuel should also be applied. It is not such a dangerous fuel since its leaks evaporates faster than gasoline thus minimizing the hazard of explosion. Many manufacturers are now realizing a discovery with manufacture of hydrogen vehicles (Nadis MacKenzie, 1986).Plan for SustainabilityThis has involved various meeting held by the world leaders concerning the increasing rate of global warming. These meeting have resulted in the various judicatures investing heavily on researches fro alternative sources of energy other than the fossil fuel. The out come is the innovation of a hydrogen car that uses hydrogen as fuel. Other researches are underway for solar powered vehicles and machines. Therefore, the break through of these researches could see the future economies driven by either hydrogen or solar energy (Unep, 2003).Benefits and Challenges of the Sustainability PlanThe benefits of the sustainability plan are that the green house gases will dram atically reduce. The world will experience trim back temperatures with less global warming hence reduced melting of ice in Polar Regions. There will be no more rise in sea levels and unpredictable wear patterns translating into less drought cases (Solar-centre, 2010). However, the sustainability plan is experiencing various problems like reduced mount for researches. Also, hydrogen and solar appliances are still very expensive for an average man to leverage. This means that economies will still be powered by fossil fuel will until when everybody will be able to purchase the appliances that global warming effects will be done away with gradually (Solar-centre, 2010).Required Government, Societal and Global SupportThe responsibility of the government is to provide funds for research in the better sources of energy other than the fossil fuels. It is also to ensure that when the research is done and complete, the appliances are readily purchasable to the market at a pocket friendly terms to the average man. The government should also be engaged in qualifying restriction acts that prohibit the further environmental pollution. Most of these restrictions affect industrial companies and businesses. It should ensure that the acts are enacted and law breakers are dealt with accordingly (ILO, 2008). On the other hand, the average man is to ensure that he uses the most eco-friendly fuels and appliances available in the market. Skilled workers in the field of research should also avail themselves to assist the government in research rather than hiring foreign experts. terminationDespite the many efforts to reduce air pollution, air pollution and global warming are still a challenge. Green house gases like methane and carbon are still being emitted from the combustion of fossil fuels. The resultant global warming is causing increasing sea levels as the ice in Polar Regions is melting. The main cause of this is the use of non- renewable fossil fuel. However researche s are underway on the use of renewable energy like the solar power and hydrogen. If successful, the research could make the future economies to be driven by renewable sources of energy like solar and hydrogen. Governments and the society have a responsibility. The government is to formulate environment conservation policies eon the society at large is to conserve the environment by using eco-friendly renewable energy in their appliances.ReferencesCalifornia energy commission. (2006). Hydrogen and future energy sources. Retrieved on February 19, 2010 from http//www.energyquest.ca.gov/story/chapter20.html EPA, (2008). Air Pollution Basic Information. Retrieved Feb 19, 2010, from http//www.epa.gov/ebtpages/airairpollution.html ILO. (2008). Global challenges for sustainable development strategies for green jobs. Retrieved on February 19, 2010 from http//www.ilo.org/public/english/ breast/dgo/speeches/somavia/2008/g8paper.pdf MacKenzie, James, J. (1994). The Keys to the Car. Baltimore , MD World Resources, Kurylo, M. (2010). Atmospheric Composition. Retrieved on February 19, 2010 from http//nasascience.nasa.gov/about-us/organization-and-leadership/atmospheric-composition-program-scientist/?searchterm=None Nadis, S. MacKenzie, J. (1993). Car Trouble. Boston, MA Beacon. Retrieved on February 19, 2010 from http//www.commutercars.com/h2/ Solar-centre. (2010). Global warming. Retrieved on February 19, 2010 from http//solar-center.stanford.edu/sun-on-earth/glob-warm.html Unep, (2003). How will global warming affect my world? Retrieved on February 19, 2010 from http//www.unep.org/dec/docs/ipcc_wgii_guide-E.pdf

Saturday, March 30, 2019

Ethicals Dilemma Of A Working Mother Social Work Essay

Ethicals Dilemma Of A Working M opposite fond Work EssayINTRODUCTIONIn e very(prenominal) sphere of sustenance it is proved that muliebrity is layting in overhaul in hand with man. thitherfore if man craps to earn m matchless(prenominal)y, wo puddle force lavatory misrepresent leash c beers at a cartridge clip i.e. earn money, show work at abode, and at the office as well. How beauti soundy a works woman juggles these three roles and still is not complaining. Working Mothers, How Much works(a) -2009One could define a operatives spawn as a women with a aptitude to combine a c atomic number 18er with the added responsibility of raising a s throw awayrJayita, Murali-2009,p.64 every the educated working bugger offs work because they t closing to carry a pecuniary independence while balancing a professional c argonr. Working mothers, How much Working- 2009The ascent chips of working mothers argon seen in the last few decades. twain the partners have to wor k just because to maintain the financial post of the house. check to the 2003 US nosecount bureau states that fifty percent professionals argon the women workers. It is tight 90% of the women be out of the house for the work delegates. entirely the women argon blessed with dissimilar professional skills, if not professional then with the art skills. though later on go about mixed dilemmas in work abode i person all toldy feel that women atomic number 18 kinda capable of set about the various challenges which occur in in that respect ways. fit to the 2000 US census states that virtuoso p arnt is no longer left behind in this race.www.working mothers .comI have chosen this object lesson study because i am a professional woman where i tend to font various difficul disembowels. How hard it is to manage twain the delegates i.e. delegates at collection plate and delegates at our work place. It is a similar to ponder on those aspects where women argon dismission o ut of ways to manage these various delegates. Also to look at the different dilemmas women is facing while managing these doubled career responsibilities.CONTEXT/ HistoryIn aged days all the women were aware of their boundaries and limitations. They rendered in that location unit span of their flavour for the care of their families, by dwelling in the four walls of the house. Later on a sudden thrust evolved into business sector and public affairs, which make them turn their backs towards thrive families. Those pioneering days are no much .The tie of Gordian has broken down and the feminine dilemma is over.The last dickens decades has proven that the discipline clipping to integrate into their dual career caution at home and at the work place has arisen. In the put forward century the social status of women is trapped natural depression different enceinte differences. First is the entry into the different hitherto masculine placements. The second is the essay of an inc reasing number of women who jointly poise the family and handicraft. Womens both role-1956, reprint-2001RIGHTS OF CHILD, RIGHTS OF WOMEN/ LEGISLATIONRIGHTS OF CHILDRENTheir various rights which are bestowed upon tikeren collectible to U N convention. Children are defend by four P according to the child protection act. Four p are listed below.1. PROVISION 2.PREVENTION 3.PROTECTION 4.PARTICIPATION.In the provision of rights, child is supposed to be provided with the basic necessity of food, shelter, and rearing .In the prevention of rights child should be protected from abuse delivern privacy and has the rights of legal representation. In the protection of rights child is supposed to be protected from sexual abuse, entitled to be protected during war times, conflicts and during the natural disaster causing bad effect on the child. Under the last participation child right act it says that child is entitled in decision making, has voice for his own opinion, and has his own free dom of conscience.According to the UN convention for childrens right they say that,Children should not be ignored, muchover heard for the better development and welfare of the child. All the courts must attend the grief and suffering the child must be downstairsgoing and must have regards for their wishes. Children were heard and effrontery relief form the courts. Advocacy groups were formed in order to provide help to the children in decision making. A very big BRATS CHARTER is formed where a child can disunite his parent if the child is not happy or dont necessity to postulate on with their parents. Children has right of quality of look where the child has right to discern his own parents either.UNCRN stage- 1WOMENS MATERNITY LEAVE EQUALITY PAY ACT 2010All the women are given and supported with some of their womens rights. What so ever may be the worked out tenure women is entitled for the one course of instruction motherhood go away form her office with full paid l eave. This is utilize moreover to those who are about to go on the maternity leave from April 2007. They as well have increased maternity and adoption pay block from 26 weeks to 39 weeks. Law has also benefited women by scrapping old normal of work experience of six months to be entitled for the 26 weeks maternity leave. News-2007According to the tinctity act 2010 it states that when a woman is working with bring up to shoulder with a man, then she is entitled for the same amount of benefits in terms of pay and other benefits. The act claims that gender contactity has to be included into the contractual terms, considering women not less than a man. Woman should not be discriminated on the basis of her womanhood on the contrary she should be looked upon with sense of figure of equality. Equal pay the equality act 2010The old 1970 equal pay act has replaced few well-behaved changes. The various changes which include men and women performing their duties towards their professi on should be considered and rated at the same direct, and should also be provided with equal standards of salaries for the work generated out of them. Every women is allowed to check across her equal share of pay and the bonus given to her. Equal pay act- 2010WHAT IS moralityIt is hard to define moral philosophy, but somehow to understand ethics, ethics can be defined as what is moderate and in remedy, moral and immoral. Generally estimable behavior is accepted in the society where the behavior is considered with the moral codes. According to the dictionary ethics means The study of standards of conduct and moral discretion and moral philosophyYoungdictionary.comMan has always worked hard to understand between correct and incorrect and between ethics and legality. As per dictionary again ethics can be defined as The study of the planetary genius of morals and of the specific moral choices to be made by the soulfulnesss in his relationship with others Insightempire.com, p.1E thics deals with the study concerned with usually what is virtuously correct and incorrect. This study is also applied to any theory of moral deeds. genuinely often ethics refers to how one should live his purport? Should he only aim at gathering knowledge or at gladness? If we happen to select happiness, should that happiness be meant only for ourselves or for the unit of the family? Should we live in opulence, should we break laws? What are our obligations when we are living with other human beings on this mother planet, and what examples we are setting for other times? Ethics are surrounded with all the moral questions form all the corners of animateness. The main focus of the ethics covers the fundamental crisis of empirical decisions, which includes the practical cost and the levels by which human behavior can be justified. Ethics by stopcock Singh fewer working mothers work just because they are qualified and dont want to find themselves to be hanged around only with the domestic work. The main motif was to recover employed was to give a good standard life to the family from different angles.How working mothers manage-1970All women are responding towards the pressure of inflationary economy, to come upon higher(prenominal) level of education for their children and for self-satisfaction. But working mothers can manage both i.e childcare and home delegates. Pediatrics vol 56 no-1975ATTACHMENT THEORY- BOWLBYAccording to the Bowlbys theory, he ponders over the fact that early childhood is always in tasteful contact with mothers, or sometimes it is hardly very few travel away from the mother. Mother always tries to hang in her child close to her breast i.e. under her feathers. But as soon as the child tends to farm old the closeness and the bonds tends to become lighter, the child seems to get involved with more worldly activities, but when time comes to rest at the night they pick nobody else and they tend to search for their mothers. This a ttachment clearly speaks that how mother and Childs stick to is inbuilt bonding. Bowlby stresses on the facts that early age is the age where both child and the mother are very attached to each other and also very much powerfully involved for each others feelings and togetherness.Cyc-net.orgMAIN PARTICIPANTSIn my case study i have involved various role players who face various dilemmas in connection with the working mothers while she is managing her dual careers.My scratch participant whom i would consider is the child. Sufficient evidences has proved that home delegate has a clear doctor for women own life and family organization, but both are seems to be important for childrens upbringing.Journal-Maternal education and early child care-2009As an educated mother she can and supposed to be giving home achieving activities for her children, fetching her child to brain storming events and cover their children in different knowledge ways , but the dilemma is that due to busy sche dule she is inefficient to give enough time , where the child is neglect of his rights and face the dilemma.journal maternalistic education and early child care-2009It is true that children of working mothers are quite quick in all aspects of life .It is also true that children are more capable and strong towards the ups and downs in their life. Children face dilemmas when they are regurgitate during the holidays when mothers are at work, their right to protection is overlooked and the child is under the dilemma.How working mothers manage-1970At early years of stages babies are considered to be going under stress of separation from their mothers when they are about to leave for their work. The dilemma faced by children to manage this rhythm of separation is very stressful.Managing two careers-1989Children of lone parents face high rate of emotional dilemmas, because mother is working for the scraping butter and is unable to give sufficient and indispensable time for her chil dren.How working mothers manage-1970It is also considered that due to working parents specially the mother lack of care and supervision children are found in high number of school dropouts, drug abuse and juvenile delinquency.Working mothers, how much working-2009Also one of the important dilemma children face during their mothers are out for work are the invigilation of the various child-minders. If the child shifts from one minder to other, child has to get modify to all the various child-minders habits and discipline. Such circumstances confuse the child, to what exactly he or she has to adopt.According to the Lawree Tilton-Weaver-normal behavior functions guides and protects children to master over self-discipline and curtails the problems equal disobeying parents, consuming alcohols. Drug abuse and robbery. She states that psychological management over children with more personal feelings breaks out into severe depression and anxiety. For instance if we choose their friends and habiliment which turns to be interference with their decision makings, which ultimately falls into damaging at that place personal feelings. Which means that we are not caring for their personal feelings? proficient when working mothers tends to lay down few regulations which children do not accept, and so the dilemma occurs say that interference with the feelings of children and adds as a negative impact on the minds of the children towards there working mothers. Workingmothers .comThough various research bodies are working with the protection of the childcare and there progress- it is openly accepted that childrens education and there personal development can only develop childs assertion and peer relationships. but it is very difficult for those children who are under neglected or poor childcare. Provisions of childcare for working mothers in wales. co.ukMy second participant is the mother herself. Generally mothers vestibular sense their identity around mothering an d employment. Mothers foremost sake is always care giving to children and family, through there paid employment which upholds the financial status of her house.I am so much more myself glide slope back to work-2008According to Vincent and Ball the take in to construct a morally adequate account of oneself, as mothers require of all classes to present their prioritization of their children needI am so much more myself coming back to work-2006, p.72Though full time working plays a vital role for upliftment of financial status of the house managing two careers-1999, 2003All the working mothers accepted that limited financial freedom will be stressful when staying with children at home. While socializing with other children, children behavior happens to be more worried. Although children of age 6 and 11 years need most attention, but unfortunately mothers find it stressful to commit and dedicate sufficient time for children specially when their children are unnatural with serious di sabilities.Influence on mothers employment when children have disabilities-2007Every woman who is a mother can be called as working mother. But those who are with professional career deal with more challenges in balancing there career and family. It is a very difficult and pressurized task, where mother at the end finds that she is left with no time and no social togetherness in society. Few working mothers are quite and sound who are blessed with good encouraging and supportive mannish partner who gives her the strength to balance her dual career. The dilemma is observed in big ratio that very less percent co-operative male partners are matched. If the children are not co-operative again the working mothers are into big dilemma towards the childcare and upbringing of the child. Working mothers .com that working mothers are worried when child care factors occur. When no home support is provided by in-laws or other relatives to shoulder the children burden. Childcare providers are t he last option where the working mother seeks help from. According to Lynne Hill, a policy director for children in wales says that there may not be sufficient options for parents to keep their children with the childcare providers. She says that it is a high task for mothers to balance her work and safety of her child. It matters more with the children with disabilities, where mothers are more specific with the choosing of the childcare options. If she fails to get the opted option she tends to face the dilemma for her child. Though commerce centers are providing with more jobs to women, but due to various dilemmas working mother are unable to reach the oriented professional goals. Wales online.co.ukThe working mothers activity plays a vital role both during the stages of prenatal and postnatal development of the child. At times working mothers has to place her child into the orphanage facility which strongly hampers the childs growth and the future destiny. S.B.Khatskel- 2006The is dilemma is that though working women balances both work and home delegates, but still she is not counted as a bread winner or given equal status by the society. She is shouldering the complete burden of the house, but is left unrewarded forever.My third participants would be the employer. As the growing economy tend to need the man power to control the workforce. Women with high pace of education are entering in to the market. Though all the working mothers are supported with the legislation they are conclusion it difficult to get the jobs. Most of the working mothers are out of job because the dilemmas most employers are facing. Most of the employers avoid child bearing women due to the implementation of the maternity leaves. Nearly 63% employers concentrate these maternity laws as a serious threat to their industries. Many other employers face difficulties to deal mothers on work due to various variation occurring into the support of the working mothers.Maternity laws hurti ng women job prospects, News-2007My fourth participant would be Single Parent. All the working mothers undergo various difficulties. But when we judge and observe a iodin parent she has double difficulties. She has double difficulties that of emotional and financial balance of the home, for being the bread winner of the house. Single parents families are always under indefinite security, because they cannot predict about the future of their employment. More attention is required as you go at higher level and managerial level ultimately the dilemma is less hours are dedicated towards the children. The biggest dilemma of the iodine parent is that every working mothers get holiday but an idle working mother is hanged on with day today difficulties throughout her life.How working mothers manage-1970Single parents find it difficult at times to choose an affordable childcare option at the proper time and at the right place, this is more effective to single parenting because of lack of support from there life partners, which is stated by- Kate research officer. Especially when mothers have to work for more hours to get more financial support for her family. It becomes more difficult when mothers get low wages to provide a good childcare for her child. Walesonline.co.ukThe financial conditions of single parent and their children depends upon the group of support structure. Various structures which support the single parents are friends, neighbour, and communities. This shows a crystal clear picture that lone parents can very rarely be financially free. Histarically mothers were not accepted to be working. Nurturing children and also to become the breadwinner for the family is observed to be a drastic burden for the single parents, and disadvantages to their children. Randy Albelda ,Susan Himmelweit -2004My fifth participant would be the Husband. The important factor for the working mother would be the right and supporting husband. She may be linked with high posit ion and status or a perfect employer, but if there is no positive signal from her husband towards her working, then she is sure of taking her marital relationship into risk. It is quite sure that it is the husband not the children who sacrifices most when mothers are working. Though culturally saying he understands that women place is inwardly the house. But still various dilemmas occur into the mind of husband stating that he was deprived of something which he actually expected out of sum. His dilemma is marriage is not solemnized just for sake of having sex or reproduction of children, and their afterward looking after them alternatively. Both the partners should have sufficient and class time for each other especially the working mother who is unable to give time for her husband due to busy schedule time.How working mothers manage-1970 global COMPARISONThis international comparison is done just to support my case study. In Asian countries especially in India it is always obser ved that whether it is a joint family or a neutral family working mother are always supported by their in laws and all the other nonworking members of the family. validate such as childcare, mothers health care, sometimes even the home delegates are fully taken care of. When we compare Britain with India there is a considerable difference that of support to the working mother. In India working mothers are given all round support to perform her dual career managements. Grandparents take the place of all the nannies as a privilege to look after their grandchildren.Working mothers How much working, and where is the woomanhood-2009SUGGESTIONSThe modern womanhood is epitomized by the professional mothers. The working mothers need to be supported by the modern work providers and the employers, transforming its look from male dominance to gender neutrality. The nuclear family and the joint family unit both need to understand the need and the support a working mother is expecting out. The re should be good quality and affordable childcare, where mothers are at stillness at their work place.CONCLUSIONTo sum up it is quite tripping to be a woman, mother, and an achiever. Many have achieved it through the back up of society, but many have fought through out there life to prove it. In todays competitive world it is the necessity for the mothers to be working, like their partners to support all angles of their house. As we are living in the locomote world, and still undergoing the male dominating society, should not acknowledge that working mothers are bad mothers. On the contrary should always support and consider working mothers as good mothers. While serving as a mother and also managing her flourishing professional career gives a credit to the working mothers as a sign of completeness of being a woman.The various dilemmas a working mother undergoes are lack of time, and a feeling of sin for getting deprived of her parenting duties. Many rewards are showered on her , rewards such as personal status, improved economy, and up liftment of family standards .Women work when their spouse is incompetent, or earns pitiable money for the family. A second income adds as an a source of unembellished income which uplifts the standards and releases the stressful life of the whole family. Working mother should always keep reminding to her family members that she is not working for her leisure, but only and only for the betterment of her family. However it is quite possible for a mother to fight for her right to get her professional right in many different ways. A general person will accept her hard work by saying oh She earns extra money, but women is never recognized for her hard work which she renders for the whole family.To achieve all the rewards, compromising balance is required at individual level and at work place, which helps the working mothers to satisfy the two careers of her life i.e. a professional career and the motherhood balance.

William Carlos Williams Poetry Analysis

William Carlos Williams Poetry AnalysisWilliam Carlos Williams was a grasping poet of the 20th century. Most of Williams give is centered on his personal life and the things that happened in it. Williams was born on September 17, 1883. He wrote his song from his l take in teens until his death on swear out 4, 1963 at the age of 79. Williams has a substantial number of both(prenominal) prose and poetry writings. He believed that prose has to do with the fact of an emotion and poetry has to do with the dynamization of emotion into a separate form (volume 1, 219). What Williams is saying here is that in prose you atomic number 18 allowed to show emotion and in poetry that emotion must be hidden behind incompatible forms.This Is exactly now To Say (1934) is one of the famous poetrys by William Carlos Williams. Written as it is a note left on an ice box, Williams poem seems to the reader like a bit of assemble poetry. Metrically, the poem exhibits no regularity of stress or o f syllable count.The CliffsNotes analysis states twist on sibilance and concluding on so cold, the poem implies that bracing, fruity gustatory sensition contrasts the coldness of a humanity relationship that forbids sharing or tenderness for a minor breach of etiquette. The words Forgive me, written as a command, stress on the sense of regret conveyed by the speaker. This unhopeful need for forgiveness is an obvious confession of forbidden action, followed by Williams optical imagery of the plums suggests that this poem could be concerned with the uselessness or self-entrapment of versed desire.An oppo rage, straightforward, understanding is that the writer of the note on the refrigerator tries to replace the recognize of eating the plums with a clear, abbreviated descriptionThey were delicious / So sweet and so cold. Forgiveness in the poem hinges on the success of the description. This illustration serves well for the poets task, i.e. forsakes actual experience than mere words. The poem will crow if the reader redeems the poets transgression.In another view, the poem was written from Williams to his wife. He ate her plums from the ice box and wanted to leave a small apologia in the form of poetry on a napkin. She did answer to his poem with one of her own Little boyWhen reading Poem the offset printing question, that the reader asks is, what exactly is Williams trying to tell us. The image is actual, the text of the poem is brief. The poem surfs as an extended metaphor. The wander is cautiously climbing over the jamcloset, placing each nibble accurately. The readers first task is to define the meaning of jamcloset, which is naturally defined. But, this word is not defined in Websters or any other dictionaries. This implies that Williams intended for this work to invoke an image. Jam packed could be something that is choke-full with things to the point that nothing more can be added. Perhaps, with this word, Williams wants to show the reader an image of a closet jammed with stuff, with a cat conservatively transferring to the top. Contrary, the word jam could denote a fruit spread apply on toasted bread, in which case, the word jamcloset implies a pantry and at that place is the suggestion that the cat is after a tasty jam. In both cases, the emphasis of the poem is on the cats endpoint.The reader sees the cat stepping so gracefully, at first on one foot and then on the other. The gip lines and smooth flow of words signify the watchful and agile movements of the cat. yet in the last stanza, the reader realizes that the cat has moved so cautiously, just to get into the pit of an empty hot flashpot. This changes the image of the precise and cargonful cat into something funny. The first guess of the reader is that the cat is moving precisely for a specific goal. This is something that the reader would judge as a valuable heading from a human perspective. This, however, is not the case, as the cat ends up squeezed i nto the flower pot, which Williams, clearly shows, was the animals aim after all.As this implies, the imagery says more almost the reader, than it does for the cat. The humans are goal-oriented. The thoughtful, intended movement of the cat, that Williams describes, logically leaves a olfactory property in the reader that the cat has a certain goal, whether it is capturing a computer mouse or something else, but as it turns out, the cat has another thing in mind.What Williams is telling the readers is that, the world follows its own rules. The cat is captivated by and wants to sit in the flower pot, which does not make sense from a human point of view, but there is and that is the reality.There may be no goals, purpose or meaning from a human point of view, in the world, but it will be still meaningful. Children comprehend this, and a tyke would possibly laugh on the flower-potted cat and realize that, the world looks different depending on the perspectives. Grown-ups are likely to lose their joy in visual perception the unforeseen and exploring the unknown by disregarding viewpoints that are new and different. As this shows, Williams use of imagery proposes meaning at multiple levels with concise and brief poetry.In Poem, the poet shows an image that implies more, than it states implicitly. The cat, so prudently placing first one foot and then the other delicately into the pit of the flowerpot, not only carries the peeping nature of the animal, but also the fact that the cat shows a bulge of the world, that adult humans often evade. By amazing the reader, with the cats destination, Williams delicately implies that adults are too foreseeable. We, like children and cats, should try to see the world with different eyes, and perchance try twisting into the new perspectives that could seem unknown at first. Maybe, we should not smile at the apparent insanity of the cat until we have sat in a flowerpot on top of a jamcloset and seen things from cats perspecti ve. source listLitz, A. Walton, MacGowan (Eds.). The Collected Poems of William Carlos Williams Volume II 1939-1962. New York New Directions Books, 1986. ultramodern American poetry. On This is Just to Say. 04.25.2011 Modern American poetry. On Poem. 04.25.2011 This Is Just To Say, This Is Just To Say. 04.25.2011

Friday, March 29, 2019

Capital Punishment in the US

Capital Punishment in the USKatie SawtelleCapital Punishment the Statess Blood Stained HandsIn 2015, the or so executions took place in China, Iran, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and the United States of America ( wipeout penalization 2015). What a peculiarity it is to see the U.S. included in the list on board undemocratic earths. America is the solo westernized country that still continues to correct the close penalty to use. Capital punishment should be abolished for it delivers inadequate wakeless copy and is discriminatory toward racial minorities.It is a fundamental right for a suspect in a capital case to be assigned a competent constabularyyer, yet, more a great deal than non, court appointed public def windupers often lack the skills and drive for effective imitation. A common characteristic of those on end lyric is need. It is estimated that around 90% of inmates on decease row could non afford to hire an adequate attorney (American cultured Liberties Union). W ithout a competent lawyer, a suspects case ba believe stands a see. In the constitute of 2014, Glenn Ford, an African-American man, was released from a Louisiana prison after spending cardinal classs on oddment row for a crime he did not commit (Bright). Ford could not afford an attorney in his capital case, so the court appointed him deuce lawyers for his representation. One of the lawyers was an oil colour and gas attorney who had never presented a case in front line of a jury before. The second lawyer was a vernal-fashioned law school graduate that worked for an insurance firm. Despite the weak case presented against Ford, the both smock jury sentenced him to death (Bright). It is not equal legal expert when the suspect receives inadequate representation just because of the amount of money he or she has. Appropriately ordinate, those without the capital get the punishment (Von Drehle).Those accused of capital crimes rely on lawyers to protect their legal rights, inv estigate, and present evidence that will interrogative their guilt. It is extremely difficult for a low-income suspect to navigate the legal judge system on their own. One major reason that innocent defendants realise been placed on death row and executed is due to bumbling or inexperienced court-appointed lawyers in extreme cases, some attorneys suck been lay out asleep, intoxicated, or under the influence of drugs during trial proceedings (Bright). Some may argue that if court appointed lawyers were much kick downstairs, then guilty bulk could be acquitted. That may be true, however, the more important issue regarding better court-appointed lawyers is that innocent people could be acquitted. Innocent people that were convicted and executed could gull possibly lived out the rest of their lives if they had received better court-appointed legal defense.In some states, people sentenced to death may receive legal representation from pro-bono (free service for the public) law yers or from public organizations. Most of the time, at that place is not enough pro-bono attorneys for all of the poor defendants facing death row. This could possibly result in the defendant obtaining an inept court-appointed lawyer. To receive a new trial, a defendant could file for post-conviction relief and state that their constitutional rights were violated, however, it is usually only attainable for those who can afford lawyers. Some states provide lawyers for post-conviction relief, although the majority of the nation does not. unheeding of whether a defendants constitutional rights were violated at trial, they still may have to face execution. A number of people atomic number 18 sentenced to death not because they committed the most heinous crime, rather, the courts did not provide them with competent legal representation. Ruth Bader Ginsburg, a United States Supreme Court Justice has said, I have yet to see a death case, among the dozens access to the Supreme Court on eve of execution petitions, in which the defendant was well represented at trial (Bright). The amount of money a defendant has in capital cases can be the difference surrounded by life and death In present day America, it is better to be rich and guilty, than poor and innocent (Bright).The death penalty in the non raw South (1815-1861) was a tool of white supremacy. The possibility of striver uprisings pursue hard worker owners, therefore, the death penalty was regularly oblige to resist slave opposition. (Von Drehle). In Virginia, during the antebellum era, it was a capital offense for a slave to administer medicine, for it could have been poison. Also, an old statute in Georgia express that if a slave left a bruise on his master, he could receive capital punishment (Von Drehle). The late M. Watt Espy, a police detective that studied capital punishment, recorded around 15,000 executions in the United States dating from 1608 to 1972 (Von Drehle). Espys research and recordi ngs reveal racial disparity in U.S. executions. His research suggests that in a significantly white America, more slows than whites are executed. Whites were rarely put to death for crimes that involved African-American victims (Von Drehle). A reflect of the death penalty done by the University of Texas proposed that Americas modern-day capital punishment system is an runner of the racist legacy of slavery (qtd. in American Civil Liberties Union). racial deflect is still very much alive in the modern justice system of AmericaIt is far more likely for racial minorities (African-American and Latinos) to be placed on death row and be put to death than white people come outicularly if the victim is white. A recent Louisiana study conducted by Glenn Pierce (research scientist at Northeastern University) and Michael Radelet (Professor of Sociology at University of Colorado-Boulder) indicated that defendants with white victims were 97% more likely to receive death sentences than defen dants with black victims (qtd. in American Civil Liberties Union). In the United States, blacks and whites are take out victims in nearly exact numbers, which is exceptionally high considering that 13% of the macrocosm is African-American. Between the years 1930 and 1996, around 4,200 prisoners were put to death in America more than half of those prisoners were black (American Civil Liberties Union). Americas death row has ever had a large population of African Americans and they are often killed for what are deemed less-than-capital offenses for whites, such as rape and burglary (American Civil Liberties Union). It has been asserted that racial secernment and the death penalty are part of Americas past, nevertheless, since the rein arguing of the death penalty in the 1970s, around half of those on death row at whatsoever given time have been minorities.Florida Latinos are beginning to shift out-of-door from the death penalty. The state of Florida has one of the lowest bars fo r sentencing soulfulness to death by not requiring a unanimous jury recommendation, and they lead the nation in death row inmates being released due to wrongful convictions (Cartagena). For these reasons, Floridas death penalty has been struck down as unconstitutional twice in 2016. Four Florida counties Miami-Dade, Hillsborough, Pinellas and Duval are among 16 counties nationwide that have each had fivesome or more death sentences between 2010 and 2015 (Cartagena). All of these counties have been set up to suffer from prosecutor misconduct, bad defense lawyers, wrongful convictions and racial bias (Cartagena). From 2010-2015, every inmate in Miami-Dade County who was sentenced to death, was black or Latino. Yet, studies argue that in most locations across America, minorities are responsible for less than half of homicides (Too tough to Fix).The nations largest death row capacity resides in Los Angeles County, California and statisticians expect go along growth. In 2013, report s revealed that Los Angeles County was responsible for more death row prisoners than any(prenominal) former(a) county in the United States, and it has ranked as one of the two most prolific counties in imposing new death sentences each year since (Too Broken To Fix). Between the years 2010 and 2015, Los Angeles County imposed 31 death sentences, which adds up to be the most death sentences enforced in any U.S. county during that menses (Too Broken To Fix). Those 31 death sentences in L.A. show severe racial disparity in their sentences approximately 94% of the 31 death sentences enforced were directed toward minority (Latino and African-American) defendants and even though African Americans commit few than one-third of all Los Angeles County homicides, they comprised 42% of those condemned to death in this period. 45% of the new death sentences were imposed on Latino defendants (Too Broken to Fix). Only two white defendants received the death penalty. Unsurprisingly, a 2014 study conducted in southern California concluded that white jurors are more presumable to visit capital punishment when the defendant is Latino and poor than in cases where the defendant is white. Latino jurors presented no such bias (Too Broken to Fix). The amount of racial minorities sentenced and executed on death row continues to suggest that capital punishment and racial discrimination are indeed still a part of modern day America.Since the Supreme Court reinstatement of the death penalty in the mid-1970s, juries in Texas have to determine if the defendant poses a proximo chance to the public, before applying the death sentence. Most states have the jurors consider past mien and crimes of the defendant, however, in Texas, juries are asked to venture the future (Vansickle). In essence, these jurors are asked to predict the unpredictable. Those who are pro-death penalty may argue that experts can determine future violence, however, if juries and experts could determine future d anger, then there would not be any crime. Currently, in the state of Texas, there are around 240 men and women on death row that have been determined to pose a panic to society. The question of future dangerousness has not reduced the amount of death sentences, rather, evidence on the issue has often instead introduced racial bias into trials (Death penalty Information Center).The U.S. Supreme Court recently heard arguments for the Texas death penalty case of level v. Davis. In July of 1995, the defendant, Duane Buck, shot and killed his ex-girlfriend and her friend (Vansickle). At the trial, Bucks lawyer initiated testimony from a psychologist that said Buck was dangerous and posed a threat to the public since he was African-American. In 1997, the jury found Buck guilty and sentenced him to death. Before his execution, the Supreme Court halted his case due to the racial bias that resulted in his death sentence. Buck is still awaiting his new sentencing. many an(prenominal) stud ies, including one conducted by Cornell University, propose that the race of the victim and defendant lend a critical part in whether a person receives the death penalty (qtd. in Vansickle). Criminologists conducted a study used in Bucks assembling that analyzed racial disparity in Harris County, Texas the location where Buck was sentenced to death. The study resulted that from 1992 to 1999, Harris County prosecutors were three and a half times more likely to stress the death penalty against black defendants than white ones. Jurors were more than twice as likely to sentence blacks to death (Vansickle). Another study led by Jennifer Eberhardt, Professor of Psychology at Stanford University, established that in cases with a white victim and a defendant with stereotypical black features, the more probable the defendant would be sentenced to death (Eberhardt). These studies suggest that race plays a insalubrious role in whether a defendant receives the death penalty. Race should ne ver be a predictor of dangerousness or influence whether a person receives the death penalty, yet, it is the harsh reality in the gain of the free.With the death penalty, someone will always end up on the short end of the stick usually that person is either African-American or Latino. The U.S. should not put value on someones life based on their sputter color, however, it is the current reality. Stephen Bright, Professor of Clinical legality at Yale Law School, argues that the only way for racial prejudice to no longer play a role in the decision of the death penalty is to completely take on capital punishment in the U.S.With the long history of slavery, lynchings, convict leasing, segregation, racial oppression and now mass incarceration that has a much great impact on racial minorities, surely states should eliminate any chance that racial prejudice might play a role. But there is only one way to do that by eliminating the death penalty. (Bright)In the United States Constitut ion and pledge of allegiance, it promises equal justice for all. Yet, race and poverty continue to influence who will be condemned to death in the land of equal opportunity. Finality not justice, not liberty is the ultimate goal of the legal system in the United States. Capital punishment desensitizes society.. It teaches the American youth that society solves its problems with violence. It displays the absence of appreciation for life. And, as the equal justice giant, Martin Luther King Jr. once said, capital punishment is societys final statement that it will not forgive (qtd. in Bright). The United States should join one hundred forty other nations in making final the directive thou shalt not kill.Works CitedBright, Stephen. Imposition of the death penalty upon the poor, racial minorities, the intellectually disenable and the mentally ill. New York University Law School, 2014. Web. 7 January 2017.Bright, Stephen. Race, Poverty, the Death Penalty, and the Responsibility of the l awful Profession. Seattle Journal for Social Justice 1.1 (2002) 12. Web. 7 January 2017.Bright, Stephen. The Failure to Achieve candor Race and Poverty Continue to Influence Who Dies. Journal of Constitutional Law 11.1 (2008)16. Web. 7 January 2017.Cartagena, Juan. Latinos join call to end Floridas death penalty. Orlando Sentinel. Orlando Sentinel, 10 declination 2016. Web. 7 January 2017.Death Penalty 2015. Amnesty International. 6 April 2016. Web. 7 January 2017.Death Penalty Information Center. Death Penalty Information Center, 2016. Web. 7 January 2017.Eberhardt, Jennifer. expression Deathworthy. Psychological Science 17.5 (2006) 383-386. Web. 7 January 2017.The Case Against the Death Penalty. American Civil Liberties Union. 2012. Web. 7 January 2017.Too Broken to Fix. Fair Punishment. September 2016. Web. 7 January 2017.Vansickle, Abbie. A Deadly Question. The Atlantic. The Atlantic, 19 November 2016. Web. 7 January 2017.Von Drehle, David. The Death of the Death Penalty. Tim e. Time, 8 June 2015. Web. 7 January 2017.